International Monetary Fund (IMF)
Ownership as documented
Not applicable.
Conflicting records. The research disagrees; every version is shown and none has been chosen as correct.
- Name
- International Monetary Fund (IMF)From the research record · cites:
- IMF: Albania: IMF concludes 2025 Article IV consultation (Press Release No. 25/442) (opens in a new tab)IMF · 23 Dec 2025 · official · EN
- IMF Working Paper WP/18/176: Legal Protection, Liability and Immunity Arrangements of Central Banks and Financial Supervisors (Khan, 2018) (opens in a new tab)IMF · 2 Aug 2018 · official · EN
- International Monetary FundFrom the research record · cites:
- IMF press release 23 Dec 2025 (opens in a new tab)IMF · 23 Dec 2025 · official · EN
- International Monetary Fund (IMF)From the research record · cites:
- Source label
- UNVERIFIEDFrom the research record · cites:
- IMF: Albania: IMF concludes 2025 Article IV consultation (Press Release No. 25/442) (opens in a new tab)IMF · 23 Dec 2025 · official · EN
- IMF Working Paper WP/18/176: Legal Protection, Liability and Immunity Arrangements of Central Banks and Financial Supervisors (Khan, 2018) (opens in a new tab)IMF · 2 Aug 2018 · official · EN
- VERIFIEDFrom the research record · cites:
- IMF press release 23 Dec 2025 (opens in a new tab)IMF · 23 Dec 2025 · official · EN
- OFFICIALLY_REPORTEDFrom the research record · cites:
- IMF Executive Board Concludes 2024 Article IV Consultation with Albania (opens in a new tab)IMF · 24 Jan 2025 · official · EN
- IMF advises government to stop 1 billion EUR PPP agreements (opens in a new tab)Top Channel · 6 Mar 2018 · journalism · EN
- UNVERIFIEDFrom the research record · cites:
Description
The IMF's 2025 Article IV press release (23 Dec 2025) stresses governance reform, and earlier IMF statements stress keeping the Bank of Albania independent. No IMF text found in this run asks for legal immunity or protection for the Governor. Sejko cited an IMF recommendation for bad-loan handling in 2024, which is a different subject.
Other accounts in the research (1 field worded differently)
This record appears in more than one research record. The main text above comes from one; the other versions are kept here unedited.
- Description
- The IMF's 2025 Article IV press release (23 Dec 2025) stresses governance reform, and earlier IMF statements stress keeping the Bank of Albania independent. No IMF text found in this run asks for legal immunity or protection for the Governor. Sejko cited an IMF recommendation for bad-loan handling in 2024, which is a different subject.From the research record
- 2025 Article IV (Dec 2025): appreciation 'largely driven by fundamentals'; no mention of informal or illicit inflows. Selected Issues (Apr 2025, search summary) estimated about 11% appreciation from risk shocks.From the research record
- Has repeatedly warned that Albania's PPP and concession program creates contingent liabilities. 2018 advice: suspend the EUR 1 billion PPP program, stop unsolicited bids, and register PPP commitments as public debt. 2024-2025 Article IV: contingent liabilities need 'proactive response'; PPP assets are concentrated mainly in energy.From the research record
Contracts and money
Figures recorded for the cases linked to this organisation. A figure here is not necessarily paid to or by this organisation; check payer and payee.
PPP and concession contracts, mid-2017 (IMF)
€3,700,000,000
505,000,000,000 lek
concessionSource label: Officially reportedStated definition: More than 200 contracts worth 505 billion lek, about 36 percent of GDP (IMF via Tirana Times, 2018). Stock figure at mid-2017, not 2025. Converted at the reported rate of about 3.7 billion euros.
Date: Jun 2017 · Payer: Albanian state · Payee: PPP and concession holders (various)
- IMF warns of PPP, unpaid bill risks to Albania's public finances (opens in a new tab)Tirana Times · May 2018 · journalism · EN
Nine new PPP projects (the 'EUR 1 billion' program), over four years
€1,000,000,000
concessionSource label: Officially reportedStated definition: About 1 billion euros, roughly 7 percent of GDP, over four years; IMF recommended suspension. Program may have changed since.
Date: 6 Mar 2018 · Payer: Albanian state · Payee: Private PPP partners (unnamed in source)
- IMF advises government to stop 1 billion EUR PPP agreements (opens in a new tab)Top Channel · 6 Mar 2018 · journalism · EN
Unpaid bills (arrears) end-2017
€209,000,000
26,600,000,000 lek
paymentSource label: Officially reportedStated definition: Central and local government arrears, about 1.7 percent of GDP. Not stated to be all PPP-related; Tirana Times says the IMF treats them as separate risks.
Date: Dec 2017 · Payer: Albanian state · Payee: Various creditors
- IMF warns of PPP, unpaid bill risks to Albania's public finances (opens in a new tab)Tirana Times · May 2018 · journalism · EN
Bankers Petroleum arbitration award owed by state (not in IMF baseline)
No amount recorded
lossSource label: Officially reportedStated definition: About 57 million US dollars per IMF as reported in 2018 (not converted). Shown in USD in the source.
Date: May 2018 · Payer: Albanian state · Payee: Bankers Petroleum
- IMF warns of PPP, unpaid bill risks to Albania's public finances (opens in a new tab)Tirana Times · May 2018 · journalism · EN
2026 budget line for PPP contracts (headline only)
€120,000,000
paymentSource label: UnverifiedStated definition: Shqiptarja headline: PPP contracts take 120 million euros from the 2026 budget, 40 percent of which goes to infrastructure concessions. Article not opened; check the 2026 budget law.
Date: 2026 · Payer: Albanian state · Payee: PPP contract holders
- Kontratat PPP marrin 120 mln euro nga buxheti 2026 (opens in a new tab)Shqiptarja.com · 2026 · journalism · SQ
Officials and people linked
No person is linked to this organisation in the research.
Investigations and cases
- Investigation→PPP and concession liabilities: IMF warnings and current pictureSource label: Officially reported
Warnings on PPP fiscal risk (2018; 2024-2025 Article IV)
Evidence: IMF 2018 advice to suspend PPPs; 2024 mission flags contingent liabilities.
Sorted by reported money, then by linked people and their legal status. The money figure is the largest single reported figure, not a total.
From 2017
PPP and concession liabilities: IMF warnings and current picture
The IMF's most specific figures on Albania's PPP program come from 2017-2018. By mid-2017 there were more than 200 PPP and concession contracts worth 505 billion lek (about 3.7 billion euros, roughly…
Status: Ongoing program; no 2025 consolidated total found
Sources for this record
Every source the research cites for this record, grouped by its source label. 4 sources.
Source label: Officially reportedOfficially reported · 1 source
- Publisher
- IMF
- Date
- 24 Jan 2025
Source label: UnverifiedUnverified · 3 sources
- Publisher
- IMF
- Date
- 23 Dec 2025
- Publisher
- IMF
- Date
- 2 Aug 2018
- Publisher
- Top Channel
- Date
- 6 Mar 2018
Other connections
IMF advises limiting FX purchases to non-fundamental fluctuations
Evidence: IMF press release 23 Dec 2025 (fetched). The Bank bought about EUR 1.03bn in 2025 (Shqiptarja).