Loading…
Connections
420 documented relationships. Line style shows the type of relationship. A line is not an accusation: a minister signing a decision or a company winning a tender is a recorded fact, not evidence of wrongdoing. Hypotheses are drawn dashed and labelled “Hypothesis”.
Showing 33 relationships between 22 entities. Click a person, company or case to open its page; click a line to read the evidence. Dashed lines are alleged relationships or hypotheses, not established facts.
Select a line on the map to see the evidence for that relationship.
alleged ties to Berisha (press, unverified)
Evidence: Shqiptarja and travel-site articles describe ties to Berisha's government and claimed land or mineral concessions; reported figures conflict (233 and 250 hectares) and are not verified.
Al-Khayyat Group → Albania Land Development sh.p.k
Albania Land Development controlled by Al-Khayyat brothers (reported)
Evidence: BIRN/Balkanweb summary and Citizens.al 2026-06-08 describe ALD as Al-Khayyat-controlled; BIRN also describes Redi Struga as an intermediary.
Jared Kushner → Zvernec / Sazan resort: corporate chain, land and SPAK probe
Named as investor; Rama says no agreement concluded
Evidence: Reporter.al summary: Rama said no agreement has been concluded for Sazan and confirmed Kushner is among potential investors. Sazan says Kushner is an investor (search summary). SPAK probe reportedly does not involve Kushner-linked companies.
Headline: doubts Ulaj is behind US offshore company fraud (VOA / Tirana Times)
Evidence: Tirana Times headline 2026-06-15 (headline only, article not opened). Unverified.
Sander Lleshaj → Police uniform tender: nine current and former officials arrested by SPAK
former minister during tender period; denies involvement
Evidence: Lleshaj says his role gave him no authority over procurement (Exit).
Vangjush Dako → Electiongate (Durres 2017): vote rigging and File 339
Wiretap mention, not charged
Evidence: Wiretaps linked Dako to the Avdyli group's vote buying; he was not charged in that case (Exit News, 2021).
Socialist Party of Albania (PS) → Lapsi.al report on a 910,000-voter database held by the Socialist Party (2021)
Alleged holder of voter data
Evidence: Lapsi.al alleged the PS held Civil Registry data of 910,000 voters; the PS first denied possession.
115 calls/messages 2010 (alleged)
Evidence: SPAK reportedly found 115 calls or messages between Meta and Ismailaj, April to September 2010; Meta denies wrongdoing.
Meetings (per indictment)
Evidence: Indictment says McGonigal and Rama met four times Sept 2017-Mar 2018 (Boston Herald summary). Rama denies wrongdoing.
Jared Kushner → Zvernec / Sazan project protests and SPAK inquiry (2026)
Investor link in media reporting
Evidence: Affinity Partners associated with the Sazan / Zvernec resort in press reporting; Albanian authorities have not accused Kushner (reported).
Described as closest associate
Evidence: Shqiptarja reporting; link to permits not confirmed.
National Territorial Council (Keshilli Kombetar i Territorit) → 'The Albanian Files' complaint to SPAK against Edi Rama over KKT-approved high-rise permits
Permit approvals alleged to be irregular
Evidence: PD complaint alleges KKT approvals for towers and resorts were not grounded in law.
SPAK alleges hidden ownership of two villas via Tare's name
Evidence: Balkanweb, 30 Jun 2026 (Dhërmi decision 412) and 9 Sep 2026 (Palasë villa), both fetched. SPAK allegation.
SPAK alleges Alko Impex financed villa works in exchange for a Lot 7 favour
Evidence: Balkanweb, 9 Sep 2026 (fetched). SPAK allegation; Abazi's response not found.
SPAK alleges Eurocol gave the Dhërmi villa as a bribe for a tender favour
Evidence: Balkanweb, 30 Jun 2026 (fetched); Tirana Times, 7 Aug 2026 (fetched). SPAK allegation.
Alleged: appointee is daughter of a cousin of Linda Rama
Evidence: Allegation by Bardh Spahia (PD), 14 Sept 2026. No document retrieved.
Dorian Teliti → Kastrati Group
PD allegation: Kastrati as 'closest oligarch' of Rama
Evidence: Teliti's 22 Oct 2019 statement, as reported by Shqiptarja. Allegation only; no documentary support found.
Alleged threats over BSH board selection (alleged by Malaj)
Evidence: Malaj's 2019 Facebook post as reported by Shqiptarja (16 Jul 2019). No Balla response recorded.
SPAK file: Balluku allegedly directed Lot 4 group composition
Evidence: Shqiptarja (22 Nov 2025) reported a SPAK file quoting a 10 Sep 2021 message in which Balluku allegedly told Evis Berberi that Nova must go with EUT; no response from named persons in the article.
Reported family-business link (Berisha family)
Evidence: Shqiptarja (22 Nov 2025) describes Shtufi as linked to the Berisha family and Euroteorema Peqin as having older ties to it. The nature of the link is not specified in the article excerpt reviewed.
Monika Kryemadhi → Lëvizja Socialiste për Integrim (LSI / SMI)
Top Channel documents: offshore payments (2023 report)
Evidence: Top Channel published documents (March 2023) it said showed payments to Kryemadhi from offshore companies linked to Russian businessmen; she denied the accusations and filed a criminal complaint against Top Channel.
Vangjush Dako → Special Prosecution Against Corruption and Organized Crime (SPAK)
Wiretap reporting: mayor in calls with Avdyli gang (2019)
Evidence: BIRN-based reporting (Exit.al, 31 Jan 2019) says wiretaps record Dako discussing vote-buying arrangements with the Avdyli gang; investigation by the Serious Crimes Prosecution since 2016; no charges against Dako reported in the article.
Partners/employer link via DAAM and Net Group
Evidence: Reporting describes Begaj as partner in DAAM, where Lame is administrator, and says Lame is an employee of Net Group (as reported; allegation context).
Lealba Pelinku → Democratic Party of Albania (PD)
PD member elected to KQZ deputy post under the opposition quota
Evidence: Article describes the deputy post as proposed by the opposition under the agreement; she is identified as head of PD's anti-corruption department.
Shkelzen Berisha → Ilir Shtufi
Shkelzen Berisha reported to live in a villa registered to Shtufi
Evidence: Shqiptarja reports residence in a villa registered to Ilir Shtufi. The relationship to Sali Berisha is not established in the sources reviewed. No business partnership is documented.
Endrit Braimllari → Partia Socialiste e Shqipërisë (PS)
Claimed move from PL to PS card (claim by PL official)
Evidence: Tedi Blushi (PL Secretary General) claimed in January 2025 that Braimllari left SPAK holding a Socialist Party card. No SPAK statement or independent confirmation was found.
alleged close friendship
Evidence: Kapitali (unnamed source) and reporter.al describe Yeffet as a close friend of Rama; Rama has not been reported as confirming this.
alleged closeness to Rama
Evidence: reporter.al describes Sanilevich as close to Rama; Foreign Ministry list shows his honorary consul role in Eilat.
Sazan Operations Holding → Kastrati Group
Shared/moved address between Sazan Operations and Kastrati-linked companies
Evidence: Citizens.al (2026-06-08): Dutch Global Maintenance and Dutch Warehouse Services addresses moved from MAK Albania Hotel (declared address of Sazan Operations) to TIA (Tirana Airport), both described as controlled by the Kastrati group; Kastrati group declined comment. Citizens.al states shared addresses do not prove ownership or control.
Albania Land Development sh.p.k → Al-Khayyat Group
BIRN calls ALD a Struga company acting as intermediary for the Al-Khayyat brothers; Citizens.al says ALD was sold to SOH (Doha)
Evidence: Reporter.al (2026-05-29): ALD is 'Struga's company, acting as intermediary for the Al-Khayyat brothers'. Citizens.al (2026-06-08): ALD passed to Sazan Operations Holding (Doha, Al-Khayyat-linked) for 10,000 euro (Nov 2025). The two accounts of ALD's owner conflict.
Arben Ristani → Democratic Party of Albania (PD)
Former DP general secretary; Muzin Capitol contract
Evidence: Tirana Times (2017) quotes Ristani that all contract payments went through banks; the legal file is in.
Nova Construction 2012 sh.p.k. → Euroteorema Peqin sh.p.k.
cooperation contract (14 Sep 2021)
Evidence: Cooperation contract for REF-02817-08-13-2021 signed 14 Sep 2021, per Report TV dossier.
Xhimi Begeja (Gëzim Begeja) → Fatmir Bektashi
co-defendants in Partizani file
Evidence: Both are named as businessmen defendants in the Partizani file as reported by Shqiptarja; Bektashi is charged with active corruption, Begeja with money laundering.
Intekar Yapi Turizm Elektrik ve Insaat Taahhut (Intekar Yapi) → ASL Insaat Taahhut
Consortium partners, Llogara tunnel
Evidence: Tunnelbuilder and SeeNews describe the Turkish consortium of Intekar Yapi and ASL for the Llogara tunnel.
Intekar Yapi Turizm Elektrik ve Insaat Taahhut (Intekar Yapi) → ASL Insaat Taahhut
Claimed local branch INTEKAR-ASL (Nov 2021)
Evidence: Albanian media claim that a local branch INTEKAR-ASL was set up one month after the award and that Intekar apparently held no works licence. Not verified.
Nova Construction 2012 sh.p.k → Euroteorema Peqin
Cooperation agreement, 14 Sep 2021
Evidence: SPAK says Nova Construction 2012 registered a cooperation contract with the Euroteorema companies on 14 Sep 2021 (allegation).
Universal Properties Projects BV → Sazan Development Holding
Share transfer 306k euro (May 2026)
Evidence: Citizens.al 2026-06-08: UPP BV shares (306,000 euro) transferred to Sazan Development Holding. FTM 2026-06-21 relays the transfer to the Al-Khayyat Group.
Mohamad Al-Khayyat → Urbacon Trading and Contracting (Albanian branch)
Second Zvernec resort via Albanian branch (BIRN summary)
Evidence: Balkanweb summary of BIRN: Mohamad Al-Khayyat tied to the second Zvernec resort through the Albanian branch of Urbacon Trading and Contracting.
Dutch Trust Management B.V. → Blue Industries Investment Holding B.V. (Blue Investment Holding)
Manages the offshore chain including Blue Investment Holding (BIRN)
Evidence: BIRN: Dutch Trust Management manages the offshore ownership chain that includes Blue Industries Investment Holding.
Jared Kushner → Atlantic Incubation Partners LLC
Linked to Sazan investor
Evidence: Citizens.al reports Atlantic Incubation Partners is linked to Kushner and Affinity Partners.
Agron Cela → CEZ / DIA (debt-collection company)
EUR 170k from DIA (alleged)
Evidence: Shqiptarja headline states Cela benefited EUR 170,000 from DIA within the SPAK file.
Administrator of Dricons
Evidence: Named as Dricons administrator by SPAK.
Klodian Allajbeu → Hemodialysis services re-tender 2026 (Shkodra, Lezha, Korça, Vlora, Elbasan): sole bidder, cancelled
Says past concession was sold to Diaverum
Evidence: Balkanweb (undated) quotes him denying current interest.
Agron Neza → Charles McGonigal
Paid $225,000
Evidence: Payment from Neza to McGonigal reported in US case coverage.
Artan Gaçi → Himarë: acting mayor Jorgo Goro, state land returned and tourist-complex permit
Alleged final beneficiary of land and permit
Evidence: Prosecutors allege a company run by Gaçi received a tourist-complex permit after land returned to State ownership (Telegrafi).
Ilir Shtufi → Tirana: 'Mali i Tiranës' tower behind the Opera, KKT approval and PD call for SPAK review
Majority owner of builder (reported)
Evidence: Shqiptarja headline: 91% of Nova Construction 2012.
Alko Impex General Construction → Atelier 4 (architecture studio)
Payments to Atelier 4 (SPAK allegation)
Evidence: Balkanweb (13 Sep 2026, fetched): payments of 288,000 to 410,000 EUR from Alko Impex to Atelier 4 in the SPAK file.
Gjoka Konstruksion → Intekar Yapi Turizm Elektrik ve Insaat Taahhut (Intekar Yapi)
Main Albanian subcontractor of the İntekar–ASL joint venture (per Exit News)
Evidence: Exit News, 1 Dec 2025 (fetched). Share of subcontracted work is contested in press accounts.
Salillari shpk (Salillari LTD) → Kastrati Group
Co-buyers of consortium stake (2017, Exit.al)
Evidence: Exit.al (2018) reports Salillari and Kastrati together acquired 60%; Kastrati sh.a. and Kastrati Group JSC are not confirmed to be the same entity.
Sole partner of Final sh.p.k.
Evidence: Shqiptarja (24 May 2024) describes Meskuti as sole partner of Final sh.p.k.
Elda Ibro → Micro Credit Albania sh.p.k. (MCA)
Administrator of MCA
Evidence: Shqiptarja (24 May 2024) describes Elda Ibro as administrator of Micro Credit Albania.
Nick Muzin → Partia Demokratike e Shqipërisë (PD)
2017 US lobbying payments declared for PD; charges dismissed
Evidence: Reporting says a payment to Muzin was declared as made for PD; the Tirana Appeals Court dismissed charges against Lulzim Basha and two officials, finding no credible evidence of a PD-Muzin contract or of PD payment. Amounts reported vary ($500k, $675k, $1m).
Biniatta Trade LP → Nick Muzin
Reported payer of Muzin lobbying fees (Russian-linked, as reported)
Evidence: Mother Jones reporting, as summarized in search results, says Biniatta Trade helped fund the Muzin work; Basha denied links to the firm. Not established in court.
Media 6 / TV Klan → Partia Demokratike e Shqipërisë (PD)
State advertising steered to pro-government TV (reported, Berisha-era)
Evidence: Balkan Insight reporting (undated in search results) says state advertising contracts from the former DP government went to TV Klan and to firms linked to the owner's family; Top Channel received far less. Reporting only.
Albtelekom sh.a. → Gogël sh.p.k.
200,000 euro payment for concert (per Exit.al)
Evidence: Exit.al reports that Albtelekom would pay 200,000 euro for a Rita Ora concert and that the full amount went to Gogël.
former founder and shareholder; shares sold to relatives by 2019 (per Vetting)
Evidence: Vetting (Balkanweb, 5 Feb 2026) states Malaj was a founder and shareholder of PBM and sold his shares to relatives by 2019. No public contract is mentioned.
Redi Molla → 5D Konstruksion sh.p.k
SPAK: founded 5D and declared it tender winner while in office (alleged)
Evidence: Top Channel (28 Mar 2024) reports SPAK's allegation that Molla and Qato founded the company and that Molla announced it winner while he and Qato controlled it.
Mariglen Qato → 5D Konstruksion sh.p.k
SPAK: founded 5D with Molla (alleged de facto control)
Evidence: Same SPAK allegation as above. A BalkanWeb report, seen as a search result, describes 5D tenders with Qato and Molla and their trial referral; the nominal-partner structure is reported from SPAK's file.
Taulant Godroli → HEC Hotolisht (concession company)
administrator 2015-2017 (undeclared per Vetting)
Evidence: Vetting (3 Apr 2026): he was administrator of HEC Hotolisht 2015-2017 and did not declare this on the ILDKPKI form.
Taulant Godroli → Alko Impex Construction (Albanian branch) / Alko Impex General Construction
role in Alko Impex (formerly Kledor Albania-09), undeclared per Vetting
Evidence: Vetting (3 Apr 2026): did not declare his role in Alko Impex Construction (formerly Kledor Albania-09), which the article says is owned by Arbër Abazi. The article does not state the nature of the role.
founder and sole employee; company created 17 Jul 2014 (per SPAK file)
Evidence: BalkanWeb's account of the SPAK file: Investital LLC created 17 July 2014 by Rrapaj with EUR 1,000 capital; he was its only employee.
stated owner of APE shpk
Evidence: Radovani's statement as reported by BalkanWeb (26 Oct 2024): the company is 'in my ownership' (translated). Not verified against the business register.
Sadri Abazi → Alko Impex Construction (Albanian branch) / Alko Impex General Construction
uncle of reported owner Arbër Abazi
Evidence: Exit.al reports that Alko Impex Construction is owned by Arbër Abazi, nephew of Sadri Abazi; Balkanweb describes the owner as the nephew of a former MP.
Edona Bilali → Skytech and 3DSKY (names as reported by Shqiptarja)
alleged closeness to minister (PD claim)
Evidence: Zhupa says the Bamllari father and son 'appear close to the minister and the party'. Allegation only.
Edona Bilali → Albanian-American Development Foundation (AADF / Fondacioni Shqiptaro-Amerikan për Zhvillim)
alleged conflict via AADF heads on recipient board (PD claim)
Evidence: Zhupa alleges the minister and two AADF heads sit on the board of a grant-receiving centre. Allegation only; no reply found.
spouse named as reported shareholder (unverified)
Evidence: Wikipedia says ownership records listed his wife as an equal shareholder in a company it describes as 3i-Solutions; the text is not clear. Not confirmed by a registry extract.
alleged friendship and travel; no company tie found
Evidence: PD (Boçi, Aug 2018) says Bego is a family friend of Balla. Balla said he knows Bego and travelled with him once, denied preferential tenders, and said he was not aware of the conviction (Exit.al, 19 Oct 2018). No Balla company ownership documented.
Valentina Leskaj → Albrail sh.p.k.
sons' company claimed to hold rail concession (unconfirmed)
Evidence: Tirana Times reports Leskaj's sons lead the company that won the Fier-Vlorë concession; the company is not named in the snippet and no Albrail ownership record was found.
Aleksander Frangaj → Promo Sh.p.k. (also cited as Promo LLC)
Frangaj-linked agency received state TV-ad contracts under PD government
Evidence: Reporting says Promo received government advertising contracts while the Berisha government (PD) was in office, and that Frangaj-linked firms were the main recipients of state advertising in 2012-2013.
Zoom Events Sh.p.k. (also cited as Zoom Entertainment) → Aleksander Frangaj
Zoom Events, linked to Frangaj, received Defence Ministry ad contracts in June 2013
Evidence: Treasury records cited by BIRN show two Defence Ministry contracts to Zoom Events worth 40 million lek on 6 and 14 June 2013, during the parliamentary campaign. The year is inferred from campaign context and the company formation date.
Partia Socialiste e Shqipërisë (PS) → Ballard Partners
Socialist Party retained Ballard Partners for US advocacy (April 2017)
Evidence: FARA filings reported by O'Dwyer's in April 2017 show the Socialist Party engaged Ballard Partners for a one-year, 20,000 USD-per-month contract. This is a separate firm from Nick Muzin, who was hired by the PD in 2017; no shared lobbyist was found.
reported partner in Timak Defence
Evidence: Reported shareholding of Yeffet in Timak and partnership with KAYO; figures conflict between reports.
KAYO sh.a. → Elbit Systems Ltd.
KAYO-Elbit aviation academy and arms arrangements
Evidence: KAYO signed an agreement with Elbit to reopen the Vlora aviation academy in Rama's presence; Elbit supply reported by Haaretz.
Nikita Vinogradov → Dutch Trust Management B.V.
Managing partners of Strik-linked firms that run Dutch Trust Management (EUalive)
Evidence: EUalive reports Zoya Gyurova and Nikita Vinogradov as managing partners at Strik Tax and Legal and as running Dutch Trust Management B.V. Dutch Trust Management says its Wtt licence dates from 2005. Existing entries conn-vinogradov-dtm and conn-gyurova-dtm in contracts/companies.
Exit.al → Socialist Party of Albania (PS)
Five pages supporting PS and attacking PD ran paid ads (2021); operators not named
Evidence: Exit.al (15 Apr 2021): five such pages ran 341 ads, $19,452 to 10 April; the article does not say who ran them.
Citizens.al → Democratic Party of Albania (PD)
PD paid $4,762 for ads on pages promoting PS (not attributed to PD accounts)
Evidence: Citizens.al (28 Apr 2021) says the PD-linked spend was on newly created pages that promoted PS and attacked PD; the article does not attribute this to PD's own accounts.
Helidon Bushati → Llogara Tunnel tender (SH8 Vlorë-Sarandë, Orikum-Himarë section)
PD complaint, 2021 statement
Evidence: PD said it would file a complaint with SPAK over the 2021 Llogara tender.
Besmir Beja → Customs: forged Albanian-authority documents for fictitious clearance and exports, referred to SPAK
announced referral to SPAK
Evidence: Customs statement dated 29 July 2026 publicises the referral.
Public accusation by PD leader
Evidence: Berisha called Dumani the 'second author' of the May 11 electoral farce and accused him of closing electoral-crime files (A2 News, 2025).
Albana Vokshi → COVID-19 emergency health procurement, 2020 (test kits, respirators, masks)
Public allegations on COVID procurement
Evidence: Top Channel 24 Apr 2020 report of a PD statement.
Anila Godo → Alleged purchase of EUR 26 million expired medicines (health minister claim)
Minister's EUR 26m expired-medicines claim
Evidence: Tirana Times, undated; reported in indirect speech.
Bardh Spahia → Hemodialysis services re-tender 2026 (Shkodra, Lezha, Korça, Vlora, Elbasan): sole bidder, cancelled
Opposition allegations on hemodialysis concession
Evidence: Balkanweb 14 Aug 2026 statement.
Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe (PACE) → Edi Rama
Written question on 'super-immunity' risk of Article 242 change
Evidence: PACE Written Question 811 to the Committee of Ministers, 24 Mar 2026.
European Parliament → Kuvendi i Shqiperise (Parliament of Albania)
EP called for prompt processing of SPAK request (reported)
Evidence: Balkanweb (Albanian) headline reports the Commission/EP call to Kuvendi to address SPAK's request without delay; exact EP text not read.
Alban Eftimi → Belinda Balluku
Emails to Balluku's personal address about the Palasë villa
Evidence: Albanian Daily News (Sep 2026, fetched) reports the architect exchanged emails with Balluku's personal Gmail address; one is dated 14 Sep 2020.
Damian Gjiknuri → Edison Memolla
PS campaign meeting in Rrogozhine backing Memolla (2023)
Evidence: Shqiptarja headline records Gjiknuri meeting PS structures in Rrogozhine urging votes for Edison. A campaign appearance, not evidence of wrongdoing by either person.
PS group reaction to Alla arrest
Evidence: Balla: 'We do not protect anyone...' (translated) (original: 'Ne nuk mbrojmë askënd...') (Shqiptarja, 20 Mar 2023).
Reporters Without Borders (RSF) → Policia e Shtetit (Albanian State Police)
RSF statement on police violence against journalists
Evidence: RSF, 21 Oct 2026: 28 incidents, at least 23 media professionals affected (13-19 Oct).
Elman Abule → Erion Veliaj and Ajola Xoxa case (SPAK, 'Veliaj' file)
charged with money laundering; sent to trial (reported)
Evidence: Citizens.al (23 Jul 2025) reports the charge; Shqiptarja reports GJKKO trial referral after the 9 Feb 2026 preliminary hearing.
Fatmir Bektashi → Partizani complex privatisation (Sali Berisha and Jamarber Malltezi)
defendant (active corruption, money laundering)
Evidence: SPAK sent the Partizani file to the GJKKO with Bektashi as a defendant (Shqiptarja, 2025).
5D Konstruksion sh.p.k → 5D file (Tirana municipality tenders)
5D case: company subject of trial (new sources)
Evidence: A2 reports the Special Court passed the 5D file to trial; Balkanweb reports SPAK sent Qato and Molla and co-defendants to trial. Cross-ref tocase-5d.
Ilir Beqaj → Sterilization of medical equipment concession (health PPP)
Defendant in sterilization concession case
Evidence: SPAK sent Beqaj to trial at the Special Court (A2 News, 2025).
Sonila Qato → Kardhiq-Delvina road, Lot 7 tunnel tender (2019)
Abuse-of-duty charge (reported)
Evidence: Reporting says the Special Prosecution communicated an abuse-of-duty charge to Qato in December 2022.
Pandeli Bozha → Fier: Pandeli Bozha and Vladimir Lushkaj, alleged vote buying for a PSD candidate
Defendant
Evidence: Charged with active electoral corruption; sent to trial 27 Jun 2025.
Kristian Shkreli → Vau i Deja: mayor Kristian Shkreli, alleged active electoral corruption
Defendant
Evidence: Charged with active electoral corruption; case at GJKKO.
Komisioni i Ankimeve dhe Sanksioneve (KAS) → 2025 parliamentary results: Democratic Party appeals to KAS, recounts and diaspora ballots
Appeals body
Evidence: KAS rejected a PD request in Kukes (A2 News) and a PD-ASH appeal in Dibra after a recount of 42 centres (search-result summary).
Kacinar (Mirdita) small hydro plants: court sends case to SPAK (2025) → Special Prosecution Against Corruption and Organized Crime (SPAK)
Jurisdiction transferred to SPAK (2025)
Evidence: Lezha court declared incompetence and sent the Kacinar HPP case to SPAK (Citizens.al, 16 Sept 2025).
Ilir Beqaj → Sterilization of medical equipment concession (health PPP)
Sent to trial in sterilisation case
Evidence: SPAK closed investigation 30 Mar 2024 and referred Beqaj and eight others to GJKKO.
Klodian Rjepaj (Rrjepaj) → Sterilization of medical equipment concession (health PPP)
Former deputy minister on trial
Evidence: Charged with fraud, forgery and abuse of office in the sterilisation case.
Joana Duro → Ministry of Health tender bribe: Dricons supervision contract (Joana Duro case)
Defendant in Dricons bribe case
Evidence: SPAK charged Duro with corruption of high officials; verdict reported Nov 2023.
Perparim Cela → Shkodra Regional Hospital: medicine and material purchases (2018 arrests)
Former director arrested 2018
Evidence: Shqiptarja 22 Sep 2018.
Sali Berisha → Partizani complex privatisation (Sali Berisha and Jamarber Malltezi)
Charged: passive corruption
Evidence: SPAK-charged; GJKKO referred to trial May 2025 (A2 News).
Lefter Koka → Tirana incinerator case
defendant (Tirana)
Evidence: Telegrafi verdict report; Albanian Daily News 14 May 2026.
Constitutional Court of Albania → Belinda Balluku
Reinstated to office 12 Dec 2025 (majority)
Evidence: Citizens.al, 12 Dec 2025: decided by majority to reinstate Deputy PM Balluku; full review pending.
Edi Rama → Constitutional Court of Albania
Government request to lift Balluku suspension fails 4-4
Evidence: Himara.gr, 7 Feb 2026: Constitutional Court rejected the request by 4-4; suspension stays.
Constitutional Court of Albania → Erion Veliaj
Remanded Veliaj detention review to Supreme Court (reported 5-3; date disputed)
Evidence: Counsel's release (Mishcon de Reya, 6 Jul 2026); CoE Congress report dates the ruling May 2026. Partisan source.
Vangjush Dako → Durrës: former mayor Vangjush Dako, building permit legalisation and coastal promenade tender
Defendant, sent to GJKKO
Evidence: SPAK referral to GJKKO reported 2023-12-07 (Shqiptarja).
Shpëtim Gjika → Vlorë: mayor Shpëtim Gjika, unpermitted buildings and permits not reviewed by council
Defendant (reported)
Evidence: Prosecution sent case to court; mayor denies the charges (Shqiptarja).
Ina Zhupa → Protected areas: Law 21/2024 amendments and Constitutional Court challenge
Public critic demanding repeal (not confirmed as one of the 37 petitioners)
Evidence: Shqiptarja report of her demand for repeal and constitutional challenge.
EcoAlbania (Albanian environmental NGO) → Protected areas: Law 21/2024 amendments and Constitutional Court challenge
Co-petitioner (Constitutional Court)
Evidence: Citizens.al reports EcoAlbania and AOS as petitioners.
Constitutional Court of Albania → Protected areas: Law 21/2024 amendments and Constitutional Court challenge
Rejected repeal request, 31 July 2025
Evidence: Citizens.al report on the decision.
Arben Ndoka → Shëngjin/Lezhë coast: land alienation scheme and former MP Arben Ndoka
Arrested 2018; case dismissed 2021
Evidence: Exit News reports the arrest (2018-10) and dismissal (2021-04).
Special Court Against Corruption and Organized Crime (GJKKO) → Durrës: former mayor Vangjush Dako, building permit legalisation and coastal promenade tender
Trial court for the Dako case
Evidence: SPAK referral to GJKKO reported 2023-12-07.
Belinda Balluku → Special Court Against Corruption and Organized Crime (GJKKO)
Suspension and travel ban left in force by the Supreme Court (16 Jul 2026)
Evidence: Albanian Daily News and Balkanweb EN, 16 Jul 2026 (both fetched).
VKM 589/2022: confiscation of unpermitted buildings; challenge rejected by Constitutional Court → Constitutional Court of Albania
PD challenge (No. 6 (Nj) 2022) rejected 15 June 2023
Evidence: Shqiptarja reports the unanimous rejection of the 28-MP request.
Berisha requests Rama be summoned as witness in Partizani
Evidence: Special Court accepted the request, SPAK did not oppose (BalkanWeb, 16 Apr 2026). Berisha's allegation: Rama signed decisions changing the property's designated use.
Arifaj + Kastrati (joint segment, Kalimash-Morinë) → Kalimash-Morinë segment: five-company lawsuit against the roads directorate and transport ministry
Plaintiff in lawsuit over Kalimash-Morinë segment
Evidence: Tirana Times (undated) names Arifaj + Kastrati among five plaintiffs against the General Directory of Roads and the Ministry of Transport.
Slander case, 2011-2012
Evidence: Tirana court fine of 700,000 lek (Oct 2011) and Court of Appeal return of Kulicaj's suit (Apr 2012), both reported by Top Channel.
Civil defamation, 30,000 lek
Evidence: Civil Court partial acceptance of Pollo's suit, 24 Apr 2013 (Top Channel).
Jamarber Malltezi → Taulant Balla
Civil suit over Partizani statements
Evidence: Shqiptarja headline: Malltezi lost the civil trial against Balla over Partizani (headline only). Amounts are from search snippets.
Shkelzen Berisha → Taulant Balla
Slander suits, 2013 and 2026
Evidence: BalkanWeb 24 Jul 2026: court partially accepted Shkëlzen Berisha's slander suit against Balla.
Taulant Balla → Ervin Salianji
Balla's 1 million lek suit against Salianji
Evidence: Shqiptarja headline: Balla sues Salianji for 1 million lek over the Bego travel claims. Outcome not found.
Special Prosecution Against Corruption and Organized Crime (SPAK) → Microcredit fraud network (MCA, Final, ADCA, TDR Group, enforcement offices): SPAK criminal case sent to trial
SPAK sends 16 persons and 4 companies to trial (23 Jul 2025)
Evidence: Shqiptarja (23 Jul 2025): SPAK closes investigation and refers the case to trial; court not named.
Fatmir Mediu → Gerdec munitions explosion, abuse of office (Fatmir Mediu)
Defendant in Gerdec case
Evidence: Charged under articles 248 and 25 of the Criminal Code and article 70 of the Military Criminal Code (Wikipedia).
Saimir Tahiri → Habilaj group case (Saimir Tahiri, abuse of office)
Convicted of abuse of office
Evidence: GJKKO conviction for abuse of office, 3 years 4 months after shortened trial (Wikipedia, Tirana Times).
Ilir Beqaj → SASPAC EU-funds tenders and sterilisation concession (Ilir Beqaj)
Charged in SASPAC and sterilisation files
Evidence: SPAK charges reported in A2 CNN and Shqiptarja; released to house arrest 31 July 2026 (Albanian Daily News).
Zyra Islamaj → Tropoje water tender (Zyra Islamaj and Rrok Gega)
Convicted (first instance)
Evidence: GJKKO judgment of 21 May 2026 (Albanian Daily News).
Safet Gjici → Kukes municipality: Safet Gjici case (tender corruption, passive corruption, abuse of office)
Defendant; convictions reported
Evidence: Top Channel (arrest, 2023); Balkanweb and Gazeta Tema (verdicts).
Edison Memolla → Rrogozhine: active electoral corruption, 2022 by-election (Edison Memolla)
Convicted (reported final)
Evidence: A2 CNN: GJKKO 1 year; search summary: final 9 Feb 2026.
Rajmonda Balilaj → Patos: tender equality, Dukas-Breg road retaining wall (Rajmonda Balilaj)
Defendant, sent to trial May 2024
Evidence: ABC News, 20 May 2024.
Leonidha Hristo → Finiq: tender abuse, 77 million lekë (Leonidha Hristo)
Defendant; conviction reported
Evidence: ABC News 2024 referral; Shqiptarja headline on conviction.
Qerim Ismailaj → Mallakaster: decriminalisation form, forgery case no. 236/2021 (Qerim Ismailaj)
Defendant; conviction reported
Evidence: Shqiptarja 2021 (case registration and referral).
Lefter Alla → Bulqizë municipality water-supply tender (Lefter Alla case)
Existing case; 322 million lekë headline figure to cross-check
Evidence: Shqiptarja headline (see financial fin-bulqize-water-322m-headline).
Klotilda Bushka → 'Veliaj 2' probe
Defendant for obstructing the discovery of truth
Evidence: Hearing 5 Dec 2025; decision set for 12 Dec 2025 (Shqiptarja).
Ilir Beqaj → SASPAC EU-funds tenders and sterilisation concession (Ilir Beqaj)
Defendant in SASPAC EU-funds file
Evidence: GJKKO decision no. 550 (31 Jul 2026) moved him to house arrest (Balkanweb).
Lefter Alla → Bulqizë municipality water-supply tender (Lefter Alla case)
Convicted defendant (first instance)
Evidence: GJKKO verdict reported 28 Dec 2023 (Balkanweb).
Fatos Tushe → Lushnjë irrigation-canal tender (Fatos Tushe case)
Convicted defendant (appeal 2023)
Evidence: Appeal reported 1 Mar 2023 (Shqiptarja, fetched).
Arben Ahmetaj → BUKA bread-factory privatisation (Arben Ahmetaj case)
Defendant tried in absentia
Evidence: Balkanweb 11 Feb 2026 (fetched).
Spiro Ksera → Spiro Ksera: minority-event funds (abuse of power)
Convicted (first instance per sources)
Evidence: Wikipedia and Shqiptarja headline; date not confirmed.
Special Prosecution Against Corruption and Organized Crime (SPAK) → Erion Veliaj
SPAK prosecution of Veliaj
Evidence: SPAK arrested Veliaj (10 Feb 2025) and sent him to trial (10 Sep 2025), per Citizens.al.
Nika v. Albania (application no. 1049/17): lethal force and crowd control at the 21 January 2011 protest → European Court of Human Rights
ECHR judgment, Article 2
Evidence: Judgment dated 14 Nov 2023 finds Article 2 violations (search results).
Jamarber Malltezi → Sali Berisha
Son-in-law
Evidence: Described as Berisha's son-in-law in SPAK / Top Channel reporting.
Former spouse
Evidence: Described as Meta's former wife in AP and Balkanweb reporting.
Spouse
Evidence: Reported in Albanian Daily News and Top Channel coverage of the Himarë strategic-investor case.
Brother
Evidence: Shqiptarja reports the conviction of Gjevi Ndoka, brother of former MP Arben Ndoka.
Described as a relative of Balluku (alleged)
Evidence: Balkanweb (11 Sep 2026, fetched) describes Reçi as a relative of Balluku and as Abazi's partner who handled the villa's interior works. Family link reported by journalism.
Son of Balluku's aunt (as reported)
Evidence: Balkanweb (29 Apr 2026, fetched) states the apartment belongs to the son of Balluku's aunt. Family link reported by journalism, not from a record.
Belinda Balluku → Meland Qirko
Brother-in-law (per Balkanweb; husband of her sister Pamela Qirko)
Evidence: Balkanweb headline and search summary; article not opened in full.
Former spouse (married 2004, divorced 2015, per Wikipedia summary)
Evidence: Wikipedia search summary, not opened.
Spouse
Evidence: Linda Rama is described as Rama's wife in exit.al (2021) and Top Channel (2019) reporting.
Brother
Evidence: Named as brother in BalkanWeb (12 Jan 2025) and reporting on the Xibraka file.
Jamarber Malltezi → Partizani complex privatisation (Sali Berisha and Jamarber Malltezi)
Berisha's son-in-law; co-defendant
Evidence: Co-defendant with Berisha in the Partizani file (AP, A2 CNN).
wife (as documented)
Evidence: Shqiptarja and A2 News report that Ajola Xoxa is the wife of Tirana mayor Erion Veliaj;also records her as spouse.
Ogerta Manastirliu → Ermal Gjinaj
husband (as reported)
Evidence: Albanian Daily News (fetched) names Ermal Gjinaj as the husband of former minister Ogerta Manastirliu.
brother (per PD statement)
Evidence: Shqiptarja (9 Jan 2020) quotes the PD statement that Fatos Malaj is the brother of Mat mayor Agron Malaj; not confirmed by any civil or registry source reviewed.
brother (as stated by Balkanweb)
Evidence: Balkanweb (3 Oct 2020) states that in 2014 the shares went to his brother Lavdrim Gjici.
brother (per PD statement)
Evidence: Balkanweb (16 Apr 2026) quotes the PD statement describing Gëzim Hoxha as 'the brother of the Minister for Europe and Foreign Affairs, Mr. Ferit Hoxha'. Not confirmed by other sources.
Sons of Valentina Leskaj (names not given in source) → Valentina Leskaj
sons (as stated by Tirana Times and the DP)
Evidence: Tirana Times refers to 'Leskaj's sons' who lead the company that won the concession; the opposition's complaint is that the sons benefited from her position.
husband (as documented)
Evidence: Transparency International describes Gaçi as Xhaçka's husband.
Spouses (co-defendants)
Evidence: Both are named defendants in the Veliaj file (Citizens.al, 23 Jul 2025).
Dismissed Balluku from government
Evidence: Rama dismissed Balluku on 26 Feb 2026 in a reshuffle.
Këshilli i Ministrave (Council of Ministers, Albania) → Kuvendi i Republikës së Shqipërisë (Assembly of Albania)
Draft submitted on Council of Ministers proposal
Evidence: Draft header: 'me propozimin e Këshillit të Ministrave' (on the proposal of the Council of Ministers). No Assembly action found.
Atlantic Incubation Partners LLC → Sazan island and Zvernec coastal resort projects (Kushner-linked)
Strategic investor status
Evidence: Strategic Investment Committee granted status on 30 Dec 2024 (Citizens.al).
National Territorial Council (Keshilli Kombetar i Territorit) → Sazan island and Zvernec coastal resort projects (Kushner-linked)
Development permit (disputed date)
Evidence: Government account says the NTC approved a development permit on 30 March 2026; IKMT describes a 29 April 2026 preparatory decision.
Central Electoral Commission (KQZ) → KQZ audit of 6 March 2022 campaign funds: fines on parties and candidates
Issued fines
Evidence: KQZ CSC announced six fines totalling ALL 1,254,785 on 19 Jan 2024.
Energy Regulatory Entity (Entiteti Rregullator i Energjise, ERE) → CEZ Shperndarje sh.a. (formerly OSSH)
ERE licence revocation (2013)
Evidence: Radio Prague: ERE moved to revoke CEZ's distribution licence; company taken under state administration.
Edi Rama → Elbasan incinerator case
attended 2014 emergency committee; plant launch 2017 with Rama present
Evidence: Wikipedia summary: 5 Feb 2014 inter-ministerial committee with Rama present declared emergency; launch 18 April 2017 with Rama present.
Edi Rama → Kuvendi i Shqiperise (Parliament of Albania)
Introduced Article 242 CPC amendment draft (16 Feb 2026)
Evidence: PACE Written Question 811 (24 Mar 2026): draft introduced 16 Feb 2026 personally by Rama; final vote not found.
U.S. Department of State → Sali Berisha
Section 7031(c) designation for significant corruption (19 May 2021)
Evidence: Designation announced 19 May 2021 by Secretary Blinken; official reprint at GlobalSecurity.org.
U.S. Department of State → Sali Berisha
Waivers issued for several 7031(c) designations; Berisha status disputed (June 2026)
Evidence: State Dept reply, 11 Jun 2026: waivers for several designations; whether Berisha's own listing was lifted is disputed.
UK Home Office (Home Secretary) → Sali Berisha
Non-public entry ban (July 2022), upheld by SIAC (June 2024)
Evidence: Jurist, June 2024: SIAC dismissed Berisha's appeal against the Home Secretary's entry ban.
Artan Gaçi → Himarë coast: Olta Xhaçka's husband Artan Gaçi, strategic-investor status and seized land
Strategic-investor status for his company
Evidence: Company reported to have received strategic-investor status in 2021 for a Himarë project.
National Territorial Council (Keshilli Kombetar i Territorit) → Tirana: 'Mali i Tiranës' tower behind the Opera, KKT approval and PD call for SPAK review
KKT approval reported
Evidence: Shqiptarja headline: KKT approved the tower about five months before the report.
Protected areas: Law 21/2024 amendments and Constitutional Court challenge → Vjosa-Narta protected landscape: 2024 law amendment and 2026 EU and NGO challenges
Law 21/2024 amends the protected-areas framework (cross-reference; facts in contracts file)
Evidence: Cross-reference only; Vjosa-Narta facts are in.
Edi Rama → Council of Ministers of Albania
Council of Ministers (chaired by the PM) adopted VKM 589/2022
Evidence: VKM 589 of 7 Sept 2022 adopted by the Council of Ministers (Shqiptarja, 2023).
Arben Ahmetaj → Rruga e Kombit (Milot-Morinë motorway): 2016 concession tender, Kastrati-linked consortium and toll compensation
Announced 48.5m compensation (Sep 2018)
Evidence: Exit.al (17 Sep 2018) reports Ahmetaj, then Minister of Economy and Finance, announced the decision.
Komisioni i Prokurimit Publik (KPP, Public Procurement Commission) → Rruga e Kombit (Milot-Morinë motorway): 2016 concession tender, Kastrati-linked consortium and toll compensation
Revoked 2016 evaluation decision; named Catalyst winner
Evidence: Exit.al (2018) describes the KPP decision; the decision text was not read.
Ministry of Infrastructure and Energy (MIE), Albania → Rruga e Kombit (Milot-Morinë motorway): 2016 concession tender, Kastrati-linked consortium and toll compensation
Contracting ministry; announced 2016 preferred bid and 2017 consultancy
Evidence: Balkanweb (2016) and Exit.al (2017) report ministry announcements. The ministry was called Ministry of Transport and Infrastructure in 2016; the ministry id is reused from the existing file.
Mining permit without tender (PD claim)
Evidence: Salianji (PD) alleged that Gjiknuri signed a mining permit without tender for a Bego company; the ministry said the process was transparent and that the previous PD government had issued a similar permit (Shqiptarja search snippet, not fetched).
Bank of Albania (Banka e Shqipërisë) → Final sh.p.k.
Licence No. 11 revoked (23 May 2024)
Evidence: BoA press release: revocation of Final sh.p.k. licence No. 11 on 23 May 2024.
Bank of Albania (Banka e Shqipërisë) → Micro Credit Albania sh.p.k. (MCA)
Licence No. 38 revoked (23 May 2024)
Evidence: BoA press release: revocation of Micro Credit Albania sh.p.k. licence No. 38 on 23 May 2024.
SMI joins PS pre-election alliance (2013); cabinet role reported
Evidence: SMI joined the Socialist Party in the 'Alliance for European Albania' on 1 April 2013 (Wikipedia summary); bne IntelliNews (July 2013) reported SMI as a coalition partner in the new cabinet. No list of SMI portfolios or the cabinet vote was found.
PD-LSI 'Bashkë Fitojmë' coalition for 2023 local elections
Evidence: Berisha and Meta met 26 Oct 2022; joint coalition announced 15 March 2023 under the name 'Bashkë Fitojmë' per Wikipedia summary; Berisha's candidates ran under Meta's party list.
Edi Rama → Anti-protest and anti-violence package (Rama, October 2026)
presented package 25 Oct 2026
Evidence: Albanian Daily News reports Rama presented the package as a proposed package with six instruments on 25 Oct 2026.
Council of Ministers of Albania → Anti-protest and anti-violence package (Rama, October 2026)
normative act on business compensation (reported approved 28 Oct)
Evidence: Albanian Daily News (28 Oct 2026) reports the Council of Ministers approved a normative act on state compensation for businesses damaged by violence; amounts not stated.
Tirana Court (Gjykata e Tiranës) → Tirana court releases 27 protesters, rules 18 arrests unlawful (22 Oct 2026)
ordered release of 27 and rejected prosecution measures (22 Oct)
Evidence: Albanian Daily News reports the court ordered the release of 27 protesters on 22 Oct 2026.
Constitutional Court of Albania → Article 262 Criminal Code: protest permit requirement repealed by Constitutional Court (2021)
repealed permit phrase in Art. 262 (2021)
Evidence: Citizens.al (5 May 2021) reports the Constitutional Court repealed the permit requirement in Article 262 Criminal Code.
Edona Bilali → Ministry of Entrepreneurship (startup grant scheme; Agency for Support of Entrepreneurship)
minister responsible for startup grants (2021-2023)
Evidence: Wikipedia lists her as Minister of State for Entrepreneurs (Sept 2021 - Sept 2023); the disputed grants are the ministry's startup grants (per Shqiptarja).
Niko Peleshi → Tirana Outer Ring Road (Lot 4) procurement
Withheld SPAK file as investigative secret
Evidence: Citizens.al 17 Dec 2025 reports the Assembly's refusal to give the Mandates Council the file (see ev-2025-12-17-speaker-withholds-file in.
Meta's fourth nominee elected KLSH chair
Evidence: Exit.al: three earlier Meta proposals were rejected by the Socialist majority; the fourth was approved 108 votes.
National Authority for Electronic Certification and Cyber Security (AKCESK) → Israel National Cyber Directorate
2023 cyber cooperation memorandum (reported)
Evidence: Top Channel reports a memorandum signed 1 February 2023 in Tel Aviv.
Ministry of Defence of Albania → Ministry of Defense of Israel
bilateral defence agreement (date disputed)
Evidence: Kapitali reports a 2025 agreement approved by the Council of Ministers; dates differ across reports.
Albana Kociu → Autoriteti i Mbikëqyrjes Policore (AMP, Police Oversight Agency)
Ordered investigation into expired tear gas
Evidence: Balkanweb 20 Feb 2026: minister said she ordered the State Police and Police Oversight Agency to investigate.
Atlantic Incubation Partners LLC → Sazan island: strategic investor status (2024) and 2026 draft transfer of administration
Strategic investor status granted to Atlantic Incubation Partners LLC (30 Dec 2024, as reported)
Evidence: Citizens.al (2025-01-16): Strategic Investment Committee granted status to the proposal of Atlantic Incubation Partners LLC on 30 Dec 2024. Existing entries conn-atlantic-sazan-case and conn-kushner-atlantic-sazan in.
National Territorial Council (Keshilli Kombetar i Territorit) → Zvernec South Adriatic Development sh.p.k
KKTU development permit (30 Mar 2026) and decision No. 5 (29 Apr 2026), as reported
Evidence: Search summaries (Citizens.al 2026-06-16; RFE/RL) report the 30 March 2026 development permit and the 29 April 2026 decision No. 5 for fencing and road works. Government and critics disagree on whether this is a construction permit. Decision texts not public per critics. Existing entries ev-2026-03-30-zvernec-development-permit and conn-ntc-zvernec in.
BIRN Albania (Balkan Investigative Reporting Network) → Socialist Party of Albania (PS)
BIRN fake-account network: possible PS-aligned operation, not formally attributed
Evidence: BIRN (via BalkanWeb, 22 July 2026) says some profile names reference Rama and the PS, but does not formally attribute the network; the PM's office denies any link to administration staff.
Exit.al → Socialist Party of Albania (PS)
Whistleblower account: Albanian network allegedly linked to government figures (not attributed to PS by any verified source)
Evidence: Exit.al reports Sophie Zhang's account; the operators and the government link were not established by the sources reviewed.
Gent Sejko → Special Prosecution Against Corruption and Organized Crime (SPAK)
Draft immunity may relate to SPAK microcredit file (HYPOTHESIS)
Evidence: For: exit.al links the draft to the 2024 SPAK investigation; the draft would require Constitutional Court authorisation for any arrest of the Governor. Against: the draft text does not mention any case or person; the Bank presents the rule as EU alignment; no SPAK or government statement links them; the draft is a general rule for Governor and Deputies, not a case-specific one; no 2026 SPAK action against Sejko was found.
Bashkim Ulaj → DH Albania (Dunwell Haberman branch)
alleged link to DH Albania (press, unproven)
Evidence: BIRN and VOA reporting cited in Tirana Times alleges Ulaj behind DH Albania; not confirmed by any official record.
Strik Tax and Legal / Strik Attorneys at Law and Tax Advisors → Zvernec South Adriatic Development sh.p.k
Strik structured the chain; no direct link of four Strik companies to Sazan (Citizens.al)
Evidence: Citizens.al 2026-06-08 says Strik structured the chain, but finds no evidence linking the four Strik-associated companies it examined to Sazan or Zvernec.
Belinda Balluku → Reported claims that Belinda Balluku owns about 300 apartments (unconfirmed)
Named in 300-apartment protester claim
Evidence: Protester at Tirana protest, Balkanweb 17 Aug 2026; Balluku denies, Balkanweb 11 Sep 2026.
Gent Sejko → Microcredit fraud network (MCA, Final, ADCA, TDR Group, enforcement offices): SPAK criminal case sent to trial
HYPOTHESIS: the 2026 draft immunity rule for the governor relates to the microcredit file (SPAK preliminary file)
Evidence: For: the draft (15 Jul 2026, Neni 72) would require Constitutional Court authorisation before any arrest or search of the Governor; the governor is the subject of a SPAK preliminary file opened in 2024 that exit.al (23 Jul 2026) links to the draft; the draft was published while that file has no announced closure. Against: the draft text does not mention the microcredit case, the MCA companies, any person or any file; the draft applies to all Governors and Deputy Governors and is presented by the Bank as EU alignment; no SPAK, government, Bank or parliamentary statement links them; the governor has not been charged; no 2026 SPAK action against him was found; the Syri TV headline is a sidebar claim with no source; the draft's flagrante exception is not in the exit.al summary. Cross-reference:conn-hypothesis-draft-immunity-spak-case (same hypothesis, text-based analysis). Confidence UNVERIFIED: no documented fact establishes the link.
Kuvendi i Republikës së Shqipërisë (Assembly of Albania) → Microcredit fraud network (MCA, Final, ADCA, TDR Group, enforcement offices): SPAK criminal case sent to trial
HYPOTHESIS: an Assembly or government change to the BoA law was made in response to the microcredit investigations (Syri TV headline)
Evidence: For: the headline (unsourced) and the draft's 2026 timing after the 2024 investigations and 2025 trial referral. Against: the only documented text is a consultation draft with a stated EU-alignment basis and Constitution Articles 78, 81(2)(a), 83(1); no adoption found; no source ties the draft to the microcredit case; no government or parliament statement found on the link. Confidence UNVERIFIED.
UNVERIFIED hypothesis: PS-era Shijak/Durrës networks linked to the Avdylaj group
Evidence: FOR: Ndoka's land dealings were reported as linked to the Avdylaj family (2018, Shqiptarja summary); Dako is alleged in exit.al/Bild wiretap reporting (doc-exit-wiretaps-2019 in to have collaborated with the Avdylaj group in vote buying. AGAINST: Çuko and Ndoka were released in 2018 and no 2018 conviction was found; Dako's SPAK case is for abuse of office, and no Avdylaj-linked charge against him was found in the sources read; the wiretap material is reported, not court-established, and Dako denies the accusations (ABC News).
Valter Begaj → Belinda Balluku
UNVERIFIED hypothesis: shared procurement intermediary across ARRSH and Ring Road tenders
Evidence: FOR: intercepted messages (reported) show Net Group qualified for Unaza e Madhe lots 4-6; SPAK alleges Balluku directed lot-4 group compositionconn-shtufi-balluku-tender); a BalkanWeb headline calls the businessman a collaborator of Balluku. AGAINST: no source read documents direct contact between Begaj and Balluku; Balluku denies the accusations; the Berberi (ARRSH) and Ring Road files are separate SPAK files with unproven charges; the Net Group messages are reported wiretap content, not a court finding.
UNVERIFIED hypothesis: shared bidders for Ring Road lots 4-6
Evidence: FOR: Shqiptarja reports Shtufi as presumptive winner of lot 4 of the Great Ring tender; intercepts reported by BalkanWeb show Net Group qualified for lots 4, 5 and 6. AGAINST: the sources do not state that Shtufi and Net Group bid on the same lot; the Shtufi file is a SPAK procedure with no court finding;records Shtufi's Berisha-family link as an allegation only.
Berisha claims incinerator profit (UNVERIFIED)
Evidence: Berisha's claim that Veliaj and related network profited from the incinerator contract; amount claimed about EUR 1 billion over 30 years (Shqiptarja, search result only).
Kastrati Group → Sazan Operations Holding
HYPOTHESIS: Kastrati group has an operational role in Sazan/Zvernec companies
Evidence: SUPPORTS: shared or moved addresses (MAK Albania Hotel to TIA) with Kastrati-controlled companies (Citizens.al 2026-06-08); Kastrati-linked Dutch companies in the Strik network; Kastrati group named in the BIRN article. WOULD DISPROVE: registry extracts showing no shareholder/director overlap; Kastrati group's denial in an on-record statement; the address moves being ordinary commercial registered-office services. Shared address alone does not prove control (Citizens.al's own caveat). Confidence UNVERIFIED.
Strik Tax and Legal / Strik Attorneys at Law and Tax Advisors → Sazan Real Estate Development LLC (SRED)
HYPOTHESIS: Strik-linked advisers structured the Sazan/Zvernec ownership chain
Evidence: SUPPORTS: Strik-associated managing partners run Dutch Trust Management, which BIRN and FTM say manages the offshore chain of ZSAD (Reporter.al 2026-05-29; Citizens FTM 2026-06-21); Strik representatives appear in at least 13 other Albanian companies (Citizens.al 2026-06-08). WOULD DISPROVE: Citizens.al (2026-06-08) reports no evidence linking the Strik-associated companies to Sazan or Zvernec; a Strik or DTM denial with a documented client list excluding the project; registry evidence that the chain was set up by other advisers. Confidence UNVERIFIED.
Protected areas: Law 21/2024 amendments and Constitutional Court challenge → Sazan island: strategic investor status (2024) and 2026 draft transfer of administration
HYPOTHESIS: the 2024 protected-areas amendment was the legal enabler for the investor approvals
Evidence: SUPPORTS: Law 21/2024 was adopted 22 Feb 2024 (search summary); Sazan was removed from the Armed Forces plan on 2 Dec 2024 and granted strategic status on 30 Dec 2024 (Citizens.al); critics say the law allows five-star resorts in protected areas and boundary redrawing (advocacy sources). WOULD DISPROVE: the Sazan island is reported as outside the Vjosa-Narta/Pishe Poro protected landscape (Rama and Berisha both describe Sazan as state land; no source places Sazan inside the protected area read); the strategic-investment law route (not Law 21/2024) is the stated basis of the status decision; Law 21/2024 text shows no provision applicable to Sazan. Confidence UNVERIFIED.
Redi Struga → Al-Khayyat Group
HYPOTHESIS: Redi Struga is a nominee holding ZSAD for the Al-Khayyat group
Evidence: SUPPORTS: BIRN calls Struga 'a key intermediary for Qatari billionaire brothers' (Reporter.al 2026-05-29); Citizens.al says Al-Khayyat appear in direct control of assets; ALD and ZSAD ownership accounts conflict (Struga vs Al-Khayyat). WOULD DISPROVE: a registry extract or sale contract showing Struga's ownership of Smart Construction Invest with no Al-Khayyat payment or instruction; Struga's own on-record statement; a clear Al-Khayyat owner in the ZSAD chain that excludes Struga. Confidence UNVERIFIED.
Central Electoral Commission (KQZ) → Socialist Party of Albania (PS)
KQZ overspending finding on PS campaign
Evidence: Shqiptarja (20 Oct 2022) reports KQZ found PS about 4.5 million lekë over its legal limit.
Belinda Balluku → Llogara Tunnel tender (SH8 Vlorë-Sarandë, Orikum-Himarë section)
Accused in the Llogara case
Evidence: SPAK indictment for predetermining the tender winner (reported 31 Oct 2025).
Evis Berberi → Llogara Tunnel tender (SH8 Vlorë-Sarandë, Orikum-Himarë section)
Former ARRSH head named by SPAK
Evidence: SPAK names him among those who acted with Balluku in the tender allegations.
Gent Sejko → Special Prosecution Against Corruption and Organized Crime (SPAK)
Microcredit preliminary investigation
Evidence: GJKKO ordered SPAK to investigate a complaint against Sejko on 10 July 2024 (allegation only).
Belinda Balluku → Thumanë–Kashar road concession (Gener 2 / G2 Infra)
SPAK investigation (one of 11 tenders)
Evidence: SPAK's dossier lists the Thumanë–Kashar tender among 11 tenders; Parliament rejected the arrest request on 12 Mar 2026.
Agron Neza → McGonigal / Agron Neza payment and Rama contacts (US case)
named as payer in McGonigal file ('Person A', as reported)
Evidence: US court papers, as reported by Albanian media, describe a $225,000 payment to McGonigal; Neza confirmed the Person A identification in his 2023 statement and denied the payments.
Gener 2 sh.p.k → Belinda Balluku
Thumane-Kashar concession in Balluku file
Evidence: SPAK says the Thumane-Kashar concession is one of 11 tenders examined in the case against Balluku; a June 2021 message is cited as describing the project as a favour to Ulaj (allegation).
Special Prosecution Against Corruption and Organized Crime (SPAK) → Vjosa-Narta protected landscape: 2024 law amendment and 2026 EU and NGO challenges
Reported SPAK investigation
Evidence: Politico, as relayed by N1, says SPAK opened an investigation into the Sazan resort and Vjosa-Narta area; no official SPAK statement found.
Erion Veliaj → Tirana urban and construction permits (Veliaj-linked permits and earlier probes)
SPAK permit allegations (see case-veliaj)
Evidence: SPAK charged Veliaj with passive corruption and money laundering; allegations include building permits to commercial entities tied to him (Shqiptarja).
Police uniform tender: nine current and former officials arrested by SPAK → Ministry of Interior (Albania)
tender run through Interior Ministry procurement
Evidence: SPAK arrested a former Interior Ministry procurement head and evaluation members (Exit, 10 July 2021).
Morina (Kukes) border crossing: police corruption case, SPAK sent 34 persons to trial → Policia e Shtetit (Albanian State Police)
police officers at a border crossing
Evidence: 17 officers arrested at Morina on SPAK orders (Top Channel, April 2022).
General Directorate of Taxes (Drejtoria e Përgjithshme e Tatimeve) → Bankers Petroleum Albania: VAT and tax probe; arrest measures in July 2025
referral of tax probe
Evidence: The probe began on 30 Dec 2024 on a General Directorate of Taxes referral (as reported).
Special Prosecution Against Corruption and Organized Crime (SPAK) → Fier: Pandeli Bozha and Vladimir Lushkaj, alleged vote buying for a PSD candidate
SPAK prosecution
Evidence: SPAK arrested Pandeli Bozha and sent the case to trial (reported 27 Jun 2025).
Special Prosecution Against Corruption and Organized Crime (SPAK) → Kukes: Kalosh and Gazment Peposhi, alleged vote buying in Ujmisht villages
SPAK prosecution
Evidence: SPAK notice charged Kalosh and Gazment Peposhi with active electoral corruption (reported 13 May 2025).
Special Prosecution Against Corruption and Organized Crime (SPAK) → Vau i Deja: mayor Kristian Shkreli, alleged active electoral corruption
SPAK prosecution
Evidence: SPAK sent the Shkreli case to the Special Court (reported 23 Oct 2025).
Special Prosecution Against Corruption and Organized Crime (SPAK) → Lapsi.al
SPAK investigated the outlet
Evidence: SPAK opened investigations into Lapsi.al after the file was published; no investigation of the PS was reported.
Josef Hejsek → CEZ-DIA affair and US lobbying file (Ilir Meta and Monika Kryemadhi)
Testimony in CEZ-DIA file
Evidence: Reporting says Hejsek testified in the SPAK CEZ-DIA file; testimony as quoted is contested by Meta.
Kontrolli i Larte i Shtetit (Supreme State Audit Institution, ALSAI) → CEZ Shperndarje sh.a. (formerly OSSH)
KLSH audit of 2013-2015
Evidence: KLSH audit of OSHEE Tirana states economic damage to CEZ Shperndarje and OSHEE.
Belinda Balluku → KESH sh.a. (Albanian Power Corporation)
Named in KESH tender allegations
Evidence: Gazment Bardhi's complaint and Balkanweb headline link Balluku and KESH to tender abuse allegations; no KESH-specific SPAK charge found.
Bankers Petroleum Ltd → Special Prosecution Against Corruption and Organized Crime (SPAK)
Fier case sent to SPAK
Evidence: Balkanweb headline: Fier prosecution declared incompetence; the Bankers case goes to SPAK.
Ilir Beqaj → Delta Pharma-AL SHPK
SPAK suspicion of asset concealment via Delta Pharma links (reported)
Evidence: Report TV (via Shqiptarja, Dec 2023) reports unnamed-source suspicion; Beqaj denies financial interest.
Kontrolli i Larte i Shtetit (Supreme State Audit Institution, ALSAI) → COVID-19 emergency health procurement, 2020 (test kits, respirators, masks)
KLSH audit findings on COVID respirator tender
Evidence: KLSH reported three evaluation-committee members to SPAK (Balkanweb, 6 Jan 2023).
Kontrolli i Larte i Shtetit (Supreme State Audit Institution, ALSAI) → KLSH referral of Health Ministry officials: laboratory PPP and respirator tender
KLSH referral to SPAK
Evidence: Exit.al 27 Jan 2022: KLSH referred eight Ministry and two ATRAKO officials.
Special Prosecution Against Corruption and Organized Crime (SPAK) → COVID-19 emergency health procurement, 2020 (test kits, respirators, masks)
SPAK file on COVID tenders (reported)
Evidence: KLSH referrals forwarded to SPAK; SPAK probe reported by Tirana Times (year unclear).
Elbasan Public Hospital → Elbasan public hospital: tender rigging charges (about EUR 16,000)
Hospital tender committee prosecuted
Evidence: Exit.al 27 Oct 2021.
Ilir Meta → CEZ-DIA affair and US lobbying file (Ilir Meta and Monika Kryemadhi)
Accused in CEZ-DIA
Evidence: Arrested 21 Oct 2024; charged May 2025; referred to trial (reported).
Lulzim Basha → 21 January 2011 Tirana protest shootings
Questioned as person with knowledge
Evidence: Shqiptarja reports SPAK questioning; no charge found.
Edi Rama → Special Prosecution Against Corruption and Organized Crime (SPAK)
Rama publicly comments on SPAK inquiry
Evidence: Rama welcomed the probe into property origin while saying the project continues (Albanian Daily News, 2026).
Arben Ahmetaj → Tirana incinerator case
named in SPAK investigation of Tirana, Fier and landfill (search summary)
Evidence: Shqiptarja headline: SPAK investigation of Ahmetaj also covers the landfill and Tirana and Fier incinerators (not opened).
Erion Veliaj → Tirana incinerator case
summoned by SPAK in Tirana incinerator probe
Evidence: Tirana Times, 30 Apr 2024: summoned by SPAK as part of investigation into Tirana incinerator corruption.
Endrit Shabani → Policia e Shtetit (Albanian State Police)
Ombudsman investigation of police actions against protesters (opened 18 Jun 2026)
Evidence: Ombudsman news item, 18 Jun 2026: verification of police actions opened; burden of proof on police.
Jorgo Goro → Himarë: acting mayor Jorgo Goro, state land returned and tourist-complex permit
Arrested for abuse of office
Evidence: SPAK arrest order, 23 March 2024 (Albanian Daily News).
Lulzim Basha → Tirana: 17 building permits signed under mayor Lulzim Basha (2011-2015)
Signed the 17 permits under review
Evidence: Top Channel 2015 report on the prosecution probe.
Edi Rama → 'The Albanian Files' complaint to SPAK against Edi Rama over KKT-approved high-rise permits
Subject of PD complaint to SPAK
Evidence: PD complaint (Balkanweb, Telegrafi); no SPAK decision found.
ASHK (Agjencia Shtetërore e Kadastrës, State Cadastre Agency) → Durrës cadastre (ASHK): forged documents and property moved to private hands, 12 people
ASHK Durrës officials under investigation
Evidence: Balkanweb and Albanian Daily News reports of the Durrës prosecution.
ASHK (Agjencia Shtetërore e Kadastrës, State Cadastre Agency) → Fier cadastre (ASHK): former directors arrested, large land seizure
Former ASHK Fier directors arrested
Evidence: Albanian Daily News report of the Fier prosecution.
Special Prosecution Against Corruption and Organized Crime (SPAK) → Himarë coast: Olta Xhaçka's husband Artan Gaçi, strategic-investor status and seized land
Seized land; proceedings ordered by Special Court
Evidence: Albanian Daily News (2023); A2 News reports on the Special Court order and SPAK appeal.
IKMT (Inspektorati Kombëtar i Mbrojtjes së Territorit, Territorial Protection Inspectorate) → Sarandë, Himarë and Ksamil: officials and police accused over unpermitted coastal buildings
IKMT officials charged in 37/2024 (Sarandë)
Evidence: Top Channel report on the court release of 11 ASHK and IKMT officials.
Olsi Rama → Xibraka file: complaint naming Olsi Rama; SPAK conclusion disputed
Named in Xibraka file; SPAK conclusion disputed
Evidence: Rama reports SPAK found no involvement (12 Jan 2025); Bardhi says the investigation was not completed.
Lulzim Basha → Rruga e Kombit: December 2013 prosecutorial plans and KLSH audit reference (earlier period, pre-2016 concession)
Named as former Transport Minister in 2013 prosecutorial plans
Evidence: Shqiptarja (10 Dec 2013) names Lulzim Basha among officials expected to be prosecuted in connection with the Rruga e Kombit file. No charge or outcome found.
Andi Toma → Rruga e Kombit: December 2013 prosecutorial plans and KLSH audit reference (earlier period, pre-2016 concession)
Named as former roads director in 2013 prosecutorial plans
Evidence: Shqiptarja (10 Dec 2013). No charge or outcome found.
Kontrolli i Larte i Shtetit (Supreme State Audit Institution, ALSAI) → Rruga e Kombit: December 2013 prosecutorial plans and KLSH audit reference (earlier period, pre-2016 concession)
KLSH audit cited (differences over 230m euro)
Evidence: Shqiptarja (10 Dec 2013) quotes the KLSH audit. KLSH document not read.
Taulant Balla → Alexandru Ioan Cuza University, Iași (Universitatea Alexandru Ioan Cuza)
Thesis complaint referred to CNATDCU (2019)
Evidence: Exit.al, 19 Apr 2019: Ethics Committee found the complaint valid and forwarded it to CNATDCU. No decision found.
Gent Sejko → Special Prosecution Against Corruption and Organized Crime (SPAK)
Preliminary file(s) on governor (microcredit)
Evidence: Tirana Prosecution referral (Apr 2024) and GJKKO order to SPAK (reported 10 Jul 2024); preliminary investigation status per Transparency CEPI (Mar 2025). No charges found.
Complainant against the governor (2022)
Evidence: Complaint for abuse of office filed with the Tirana Prosecution Office in 2022, sent to SPAK via GJKKO order (reported 10 Jul 2024).
Ilir Meta → CEZ-DIA affair and US lobbying file (Ilir Meta and Monika Kryemadhi)
Charged in CEZ-DIA case
Evidence: Meta and Kryemadhi formally charged 27 May 2025 (Wikipedia).
Monika Kryemadhi → CEZ-DIA affair and US lobbying file (Ilir Meta and Monika Kryemadhi)
Charged with Meta
Evidence: Charged with corruption, money laundering and concealment of assets (Wikipedia).
Belinda Balluku → Balluku: Palasa villa and Lot 7 tender allegation (SPAK seizure, Sep 2026)
Subject of SPAK seizure order (allegation)
Evidence: Balkanweb, 9 Sep 2026.
Co-defendant (wife) in Veliaj referral
Evidence: SPAK referral names Ajola Xoxa for tax and luxury-purchase charges, as summarised by Citizens.al.
Erion Veliaj → Klotilda Bushka
Co-defendant: Bushka charged with obstruction
Evidence: SPAK referral names former socialist MP Klotilda Bushka for obstruction of justice (Citizens.al summary).
Co-defendant in Veliaj referral
Evidence: Named among the Veliaj co-defendants in the SPAK referral as summarised by Citizens.al.
Plarent Ndreca → Denisa Skenderaj
Co-defendant in commissariat tender file
Evidence: Listed among the 16 defendants in the GJKKO referral (Shqiptarja summary).
Plarent Ndreca → Gjon Radovani
Prosecutors allege the award favoured Radovani's company
Evidence: SPAK alleges the tender favoured the winning company and businessman Radovani; Radovani says his company won fairly and has not been paid (reported). Allegation only.
Co-defendant in SASPAC EU-funds file (case-sasapc-beqaj)
Evidence: SPAK alleges Beqaj and Kurtulaj orchestrated fictitious procurement in 2022-2023; Kurtulaj is a defendant in the referral to trial (A2 summary).
Ermal Kurtulaj → Alfred Nikolla
Named together in SASPAC file reporting
Evidence: Shqiptarja headline ties Beqaj to Kurtulaj and Alfred Nikolla; CEPI summary lists Nikolla among owners of companies contracted for event organisation by SASPAC.
SASPAC event-company owners (CEPI summary)
Evidence: CEPI says event-organisation companies owned by Gazmend Haxhia, Alfred Nikolla, Elton Marini and Bledar Leka were contracted by SASPAC, and funds were allegedly routed to Beqaj's business via fake invoices (allegation).
Counsel of record for Beqaj (Constitutional Court document)
Evidence: Constitutional Court document lists Beqaj as applicant represented by Ermal Yzeiraj (no wrongdoing alleged by this link).
Counsel to Berisha in Partizani trial (shared-counsel record)
Evidence: Reporting names Gjokutaj as Berisha's lawyer at the GJKKO; the same lawyer also appears in the Ksera search summary (see conn-gjokutaj-ksera-counsel). No wrongdoing alleged by this link.
Shared counsel: Gjokutaj also reported as Ksera's lawyer (in absentia verdict)
Evidence: Search summary of the Ksera verdict says Ksera was represented by Genc Gjokutaj; the Shqiptarja page was not opened, so this is UNVERIFIED on the page itself.
Belinda Balluku → Pamela Qirko
Sister chosen as defence counsel (reported)
Evidence: Reporting says Balluku chose her sister Pamela Qirko, a former KPK member, as her legal counsel; the BalkanWeb page was not opened.
SPAK alleges tenders awarded to Begaj's Net Group
Evidence: SPAK alleges Berberi awarded tenders to Net Group while heading ARRSH and the energy-efficiency agency; intercepted messages reported by BalkanWeb discuss the Unaza e Madhe qualification. Allegation only.
ARRSH succession; Gjyli summoned by SPAK on road tenders
Evidence: Gjyli was named ARRSH director on 28 March 2024, a week after Berberi's arrest, and was later summoned by SPAK about tender procedures from when he was deputy head (search summary). Also a named defendant in the Llogara referral per.
Arrested together in 2018 Shijak-group wiretap case
Evidence: Exit.al reports both were arrested in 2018 after wiretaps of a criminal group and held together before release in November 2018.
Co-accused in incinerator cases (Bllako tried separately in Tirana case)
Evidence: A2 reports Bllako was tried separately from the other co-defendants in the Tirana incinerator case and sentenced to four years; reporting on the Elbasan outcome conflicts (see gaps). Outcomes for the wider case are in.
Co-defendant set in CEZ-DIA referral (with Fatime Kryemadhi, Pirro Xhixho)
Evidence: Balkanweb reports the Meta-Kryemadhi file sent to trial with co-defendants Fatime Kryemadhi, Ema Çoku and Pirro Xhixho, who requested a shortened trial. Meta and Kryemadhi are not shown as Socialist Party members in; the PS link is only via the 2013 SMI alliance, UNVERIFIED).
Sali Berisha → Fatmir Bektashi
Co-defendant in Partizani referral
Evidence: Shqiptarja summary of the Partizani referral names Fatmir Bektashi, Xhimi Begeja, Andina Pustina and companies alongside Berisha and Malltezi.
Jamarber Malltezi → Xhimi Begeja (Gëzim Begeja)
Co-defendant in Partizani referral
Evidence: Named in the same Partizani referral (Shqiptarja summary). Malltezi's charges are in.
Florjana Koka → Sarande: KLSH complaint over unfinished paid works (Florjana Koka) and IKMT permit complaint
Subject of KLSH and IKMT complaints
Evidence: Balkanweb 2017 (KLSH); Shqiptarja (court reopening, undated).
Taulant Balla → Partizani complex privatisation (Sali Berisha and Jamarber Malltezi)
Complainant and witness in Partizani file
Evidence: Balla filed the complaint (2020, search summary); heard by SPAK 7 Jun 2023 and at GJKKO 30 Apr 2026 (Balkanweb, abcnews).
President's criminal complaint, dropped 2019
Evidence: Tirana Prosecution dropped the complaint on 29 Dec 2019 and referred the matter to SPAK's field.
Belinda Balluku → Special Prosecution Against Corruption and Organized Crime (SPAK)
SPAK sought arrest; PS majority refused immunity lift
Evidence: 82 against, 47 for on 12 Mar 2026; SPAK's basis was Balluku's suspension from office.
Elbit Systems Ltd. → NATO Support and Procurement Agency (NSPA)
NSPA suspension amid corruption probe
Evidence: Reuters-based reports say NSPA suspended Elbit and Orion amid a bribery probe; Elbit disputes that any project was stopped.
Special Prosecution Against Corruption and Organized Crime (SPAK) → Ron Yeffet
SPAK searched Yeffet home (reported)
Evidence: Albanian Daily News and BalkanWeb report SPAK and police searches linked to the KAYO case; no charge found.
meetings named in US case (as reported)
Evidence: Court document reportedly describes McGonigal's meetings with Rama; Rama denies wrongdoing and no court finding against Rama found.
NGO named in trial referral (accusation)
Evidence: Citizens.al (10 Sep 2025) lists Muza among NGOs in the trial referral; the article links NGOs to Xoxa's alleged scheme. Link to Xoxa for each NGO is as reported and not individually confirmed.
Tirana Prosecution proceeding no. 7806/2026: protester Erjon (Erion) Vishkulli hit in the eye by a rubber bullet, 24 Oct 2026 → Tirana Prosecution Office (Prokuroria e Tiranës)
Proceeding 7806/2026 on the eye injury
Evidence: Balkanweb 26 Oct 2026 reports the Tirana Prosecution registered proceeding no. 7806/2026.
Taulant Balla → Socialist Party of Albania (PS)
Parliamentary group chair / PS leadership
Evidence: Balla is named as chairman of the PS parliamentary group in reporting; full role evidence is in.
Belinda Balluku → Ministry of Infrastructure and Energy (MIE), Albania
Minister until 26 Feb 2026
Evidence: Dismissed by Rama in the 26 Feb 2026 reshuffle.
Gent Sejko → Bank of Albania (Banka e Shqipërisë)
Governor
Evidence: Governor per Constitution Article 161 and Bank of Albania site (search summary); the 2026 draft would give him Constitutional Court protection.
Edi Rama → Sazan island and Zvernec coastal resort projects (Kushner-linked)
No agreement concluded (PM)
Evidence: PM Rama said no agreement had been concluded for Sazan (DPA via Gazeta Tema).
Erzen Brecani → Policia e Shtetit (Albanian State Police)
former deputy director, Tirana police
Evidence: Reported as former deputy director of Tirana police in SPAK case coverage.
Taulant Balla → Tirana Police Station No. 3: two General Patrol inspectors arrested in flagrante for passive corruption
Interior Minister; AMP (under the ministry's oversight area) made the arrests
Evidence: AMP made the July 2026 arrests. The minister's role here is oversight of the ministry; no finding against him in this case.
Altin Dumani → Special Prosecution Against Corruption and Organized Crime (SPAK)
Head of SPAK
Evidence: Ordered the election task force on 24 Jan 2025.
Ilirjan Celibashi → Central Electoral Commission (KQZ)
KQZ chairman
Evidence: Described the KQZ-SPAK cooperation as a success (A2 News, 2025).
Erald Elezi → KESH sh.a. (Albanian Power Corporation)
KESH head (as reported)
Evidence: Reported as KESH head/administrator in the Balluku file; house-arrest report unconfirmed.
Hongping Xiao → Bankers Petroleum Ltd
CEO of Bankers Petroleum Albania (reported)
Evidence: Shqiptarja and intellinews name Xiao as the company's CEO in the 2025 probe.
Bujar Nepravishta → Energy Regulatory Entity (Entiteti Rregullator i Energjise, ERE)
ERE head 2005-2011
Evidence: Tirana Times: head of ERE since 2005; resignation announced March 2011.
Ogerta Manastirliu → COVID-19 emergency health procurement, 2020 (test kits, respirators, masks)
Health minister during COVID procurement
Evidence: Named as Health Minister in Exit.al 22 Apr 2020 coverage of the PD claims.
Sander Lleshaj → Killing of Klodian Rasha (8 Dec 2020, curfew)
Interior Minister at time of killing; resigned
Evidence: Resignation 10 Dec 2020 (IntelliNews, Channels TV).
Vangjel Tavo → Sarandë, Himarë and Ksamil: officials and police accused over unpermitted coastal buildings
Mayor who dissolved the Himarë inspectorate (2025, 2026)
Evidence: Gazeta Tema report of the August 2026 dissolution and the June 2025 precedent.
Yllka Shetaj → Integrated Health Services Operator (Operatori i Shërbimeve të Integruara Shëndetësore)
Named head of the operator (per PD statement)
Evidence: Named in Spahia's statement, 14 Sept 2026; appointment decision not retrieved.
Nicola Spadavecchia → Albanian Highway Concession shpk (Albanian Highway Concession LLC)
Sole administrator from Oct 2017
Evidence: Exit.al (2018) reports his appointment as sole administrator at the end of October 2017.
Edmond Haxhinasto → Rruga e Kombit (Milot-Morinë motorway): 2016 concession tender, Kastrati-linked consortium and toll compensation
Former minister; described as promoter of the concession
Evidence: Shqiptarja (25 Mar 2018) describes him as former LSI minister and promoter of the concession; Exit.al's account of the 2016 minister's resignation conflicts.
Sokol Dervishaj → Rruga e Kombit (Milot-Morinë motorway): 2016 concession tender, Kastrati-linked consortium and toll compensation
Minister of Transport in 2016; signatory per Shqiptarja
Evidence: Shqiptarja (25 Mar 2018) states he led negotiations, signed the concession and defended it before a parliamentary committee in 2016.
Enea Karakaçi → Belinda Balluku
Succeeded Balluku at Infrastructure and Energy
Evidence: Karakaçi's Wikipedia infobox: assumed office 6 Mar 2026, succeeding Balluku.
former adviser to Ahmetaj (Finance and Economy)
Evidence: TI case page describes Gjoka as Ahmetaj's former adviser when Ahmetaj was Minister of Finance and Economy; start and end dates not stated.
Erilinda Lala → Regional Tax Directorate, Tirana
Regional Director of Taxes, Tirana
Evidence: Vetting (BalkanWeb, 3 Apr 2026) identifies her as Regional Director of Taxes in Tirana.
Klodian Rjepaj (Rrjepaj) → Ministry of Health (Albania)
deputy minister of health (sterilisation concession period)
Evidence: BalkanWeb's account of the SPAK file describes Rjepaj as deputy minister of health. The article does not state that he chaired the commission.
Mirlinda Karçanaj → AKSHI (National Agency for Information Society)
former director of AKSHI
Evidence: BalkanWeb reports her appearance at SPAK as former director of AKSHI in the tender case.
Sonila Qato → ARRSH (Albanian Road Authority)
moved from Minister of State for Entrepreneurship to head of ARRSH
Evidence: Shqiptarja headline and search summaries: after the ministry (2017-2019) she was named head of ARRSH following the DH Albania scandal. Public-to-public move; no company role documented.
Plarent Ndreca → Ministry of Interior (Albania)
Secretary General, Interior Ministry (at time of tenders, per SPAK)
Evidence: Balkanweb (26 Oct 2024): SPAK alleges he broke the law while Secretary General regarding the commissariat tenders. Exact dates not in the article reviewed.
Termet Peci → Tepelene Municipality
Former mayor (2011-2025), now PS MP
Evidence: Balkanweb (20 May 2026) describes him as MP and former mayor of Tepelene.
Granit Gjana → Bashkia Kukes (Kukes Municipality)
Prefect and acting head after Gjici dismissal (as reported)
Evidence: Search summary of Shqiptarja reporting; the page was not opened.
Endri Shabani → Avokati i Popullit (People's Advocate / Ombudsman)
Elected People's Advocate
Evidence: Elected 11 Dec 2025 with 85 votes (Shqiptarja, BalkanWeb).
Ardian Dvorani → Justice Appointments Council (KED)
Chair of KED (2019)
Evidence: Exit.al (29 Dec 2019) describes Dvorani as KED chair under investigation by the President's complaint.
Olsian Çela → Prosecution General (Prosecutor General office)
Prosecutor General 2019-2026
Evidence: Elected 5 Dec 2019 for a seven-year term with 101 votes.
Klodian Braho → Special Prosecution Against Corruption and Organized Crime (SPAK)
SPAK head from Dec 2025
Evidence: Elected by KLP with 7 of 11 votes on 11 Dec 2025.
Arben Shehu → Kontrolli i Larte i Shtetit (Supreme State Audit Institution, ALSAI)
KLSH chair from 2 Jul 2020
Evidence: Sworn in on 2 July 2020 after election with 108 votes.
Evgjeni Bashari → Inspektorati i Larte i Deklarimit dhe Kontrollit te Pasurive dhe Konfliktit te Interesit (ILDKPKI / HIDAACI)
Head of ILDKPKI
Evidence: Elected by Parliament late 2020 for a seven-year term (Shqiptarja, 2020).
Elsa Toska → Constitutional Court of Albania
Constitutional Court judge (elected Nov 2019)
Evidence: Elected 11 Nov 2019 with 105 votes; KED-proposed per report.
Fiona Papajorgji → Constitutional Court of Albania
Constitutional Court judge (elected Nov 2019)
Evidence: Elected 11 Nov 2019 with 105 votes.
Sonila Bejtja → Constitutional Court of Albania
7th Constitutional Court judge (Dec 2020, President's decree)
Evidence: Exit.al reports the President decreed the appointment as the only KED candidate, dated 28 Dec 2020.
Arta Marku → Prosecution General (Prosecutor General office)
Temporary Prosecutor General (2017)
Evidence: Exit.al reports her election as temporary Prosecutor General in Dec 2017.
Paulin Sterkaj → Socialist Party of Albania (PS)
Moved from PD to PS (year not stated)
Evidence: Wikipedia says he moved to the Socialist Party; infobox lists PS, lead lists PD as the party he was elected for.
Paulin Sterkaj → Partia Socialiste e Shqipërisë (PS)
Former PD MP who later sat as a Socialist MP (party switch)
Evidence: Wikipedia records that he sat for the PD and later for the PS. No date of switch or SPAK file was found in the sources reviewed.
Edi Rama → Israel National Cyber Directorate
cyber cooperation meeting Oct 2022
Evidence: Rama met Gaby Portnoy in Israel in October 2022 and agreed cyber cooperation (Algemeiner).
Rama publicly comments on detention
Evidence: Albanian Daily News (15 Sep 2026): Rama says Tirana is 'without a head' after the Supreme Court decision.
Skënder Hita → Policia e Shtetit (Albanian State Police)
State Police director
Evidence: Hita speaks as State Police director at the 17 Oct 2026 press conference (Al Jazeera).
Besfort Lamallari → Use of rubber bullets and pellets at Tirana protests (17-24 October 2026)
Says police used certified irritant spray
Evidence: Gazeta TEMA report (2026): minister told parliament police used certified irritant spray.
Edi Rama → Sazan island: strategic investor status (2024) and 2026 draft transfer of administration
PM's office responds to the draft Sazan transfer decision
Evidence: Reporter.al (2026-06-06): PM's office says 'There is no privatisation involved in this draft decision'. Government says the draft was circulated for consultation and not implemented.
Bashkim Ulaj → Gener 2 sh.p.k.
owner / partner (media)
Evidence: Shqiptarja (26 Dec 2025) names Ulaj as owner of Gener 2; registry record not retrieved.
Ilir Shtufi → Nova Construction 2012 sh.p.k.
owner (Report TV dossier)
Evidence: Report TV dossier names Nova Construction 2012 as owned by Shtufi; Citizens.al names Kujtim and Ilir Shtufi as brothers in the Nova group.
owner (press)
Evidence: Citizens.al and Shqiptarja (Aug 2023) report Rrapaj owns Investital LLC, which holds 40% of SaniService.
Universal Properties Projects BV → Zvernec South Adriatic Development sh.p.k
Official owner (Citizens.al) - DISPUTED
Evidence: Citizens.al 2026-06-08 names UPP BV as official owner of ZSAD; BIRN 2026-05-29 names Redi Struga via Smart Construction Invest instead.
Redi Struga → Zvernec South Adriatic Development sh.p.k
Owner via Smart Construction Invest (BIRN)
Evidence: BIRN (via Reporter.al): South Adriatic Development wholly owned by Redi Struga through Smart Construction Invest. Conflicts with Citizens.al ownership chain.
Al-Khayyat Group → Sazan Development Holding
Described as part of Al-Khayyat group
Evidence: Citizens.al 2026-06-08: Sazan Development Holding, headquartered in Doha, is part of the Al-Khayyat group.
Sazan Operations Holding → Albania Land Development sh.p.k
Acquired ALD for 10k euro (Nov 2025)
Evidence: Citizens.al 2026-06-08: ALD passed to SOH in November 2025 for 10,000 euro. Registry extract seen in search results (not opened) reports 100% shareholding; not verified.
Jared Kushner → Affinity Partners
Founder of Affinity Partners
Evidence: Follow the Money and other reporting describe Affinity Partners as Kushner's private equity firm. Affinity did not respond to Correctiv.
Affinity Partners → Atlantic Incubation Partners LLC
Owner of Atlantic Incubation Partners LLC (search summaries)
Evidence: Search summaries (Citizens.al and Reporter.al results) describe AIP as an Affinity-owned vehicle; Correctiv says Affinity's concrete role could not be confirmed. Treated as UNDER_INVESTIGATION.
Nikita Vinogradov → Dutch Trust Management B.V.
Co-owner of Dutch Trust Management BV
Evidence: Follow the Money (2026-06-21): DTM owned by Vinogradov and Gyurova; Citizens.al (2026-06-08) calls them administrators of Strik-associated companies, not investors.
Zoya Gyurova → Dutch Trust Management B.V.
Co-owner of Dutch Trust Management BV
Evidence: Follow the Money (2026-06-21). Same as conn-vinogradov-dtm.
Redi Struga → Smart Construction Invest
Owner of Smart Construction Invest (BIRN)
Evidence: BIRN (via Reporter.al 2026-05-29).
Albtek Energy sh.p.k. → Stela Gugallja
Sole partner and administrator of Albtek Energy (SPAK, per Shqiptarja)
Evidence: Shqiptarja (search summary of SPAK account): Stela Gugallja is sole partner and administrator of Albtek Energy sh.p.k. Cross-ref toperson id.
Klodian Zoto → Integrated Energy B.V. (later Geogenix B.V. per SPAK)
Board member / owner of Integrated Energy B.V. (exit.al, search summary)
Evidence: Exit.al: Dutch parent registered 19 Aug 2016, capital 50,000 euro, board including Zoto (described as owner) and Ernesto Granelli. Cross-ref to.
Leads Investital consortium
Evidence: Exit.al: the sterilization consortium is led by Investital (Ilir Rrapaj).
Kastrati Group → Tirana International Airport shpk (TIA)
Acquired airport concession (2020)
Evidence: Shqiptarja: Kastrati Group bought the concession for EUR 71m in December 2020.
Kastriot Ismailaj → CEZ / DIA (debt-collection company)
Owner/administrator of DIA
Evidence: Shqiptarja and other reporting identify Ismailaj as owner of DIA (debt-collection firm) in the CEZ contract.
Reported 51% stake
Evidence: Wikipedia and search summaries report Taci owns 51% of Vetro Energy; reported only after the award.
Acquired DiaVita Shpk
Evidence: Diaverum Albania news page.
Klodian Zoto → Integrated Energy B.V. SPV sh.p.k
alleged de facto owner
Evidence: SPAK calls Zoto and Mertiri de facto owners of the Tirana concession companies (Tirana Times, Aug 2023).
Mirel Mërtiri → Integrated Energy B.V. SPV sh.p.k
alleged de facto owner
Evidence: SPAK calls Zoto and Mertiri de facto owners of the Tirana concession companies (Tirana Times, Aug 2023).
Mirel Mërtiri → Albtek Energy sh.p.k.
alleged de facto owner
Evidence: SPAK: Mertiri de facto owner of Albtek Energy (Wikipedia summary).
Klodian Zoto → Integrated Technology Services
owner
Evidence: Top Channel verdict summary names Zoto as owner of Integrated Technology Service.
Arbër Abazi → Alko Impex General Construction
Administrator of Alko Impex
Evidence: SPAK notice as reported by Balkanweb (9 Sep 2026): Abazi administers Alko Impex, which financed Palasë villa works.
Mired Reçi → XL Market sh.p.k.
49% shareholder (as reported)
Evidence: Balkanweb (29 Apr 2026, fetched): Reçi holds 49% of XL Market sh.p.k. with Meland Qirko as the other partner.
Linda Rama → Source of funds for the Rama family house in Surrel: declarations and allegations
Surrel land plots recorded in her name
Evidence: Per exit.al (2021): declarations list the Surrel land in Linda Rama's name; the omission from her 2011 declaration is an allegation.
Kastrati Group → Albanian Highway Concession shpk (Albanian Highway Concession LLC)
50% partner (company's own statement)
Evidence: kastrati.al states Kastrati Group JSC in 50% partnership established the concession company in 2016; Exit.al reports a 60% stake acquired with Salillari in 2017; the other 50% holder is not identified.
Company linked to Bego (PD allegation)
Evidence: Spaho (PD) named Inerte Express as Bego's company (Shqiptarja, 22 Aug 2018). No registry check completed.
Fatos Malaj → Global Security sh.p.k.
owner (PD claim)
Evidence: PD claims that under a 15 Nov 2019 share-sale contract Agron Malaj transferred all shares to Fatos Malaj, who now owns Global Security.
Safet Gjici → Kevin Construksion sh.p.k.
former owner until 2014 (per Balkanweb)
Evidence: Balkanweb states the company was owned by the then mayor of Kukës, Safet Gjici, and that shares moved to his brother in 2014.
Lavdrim Gjici → Kevin Construksion sh.p.k.
shareholder since 2014 (per Balkanweb)
Evidence: Balkanweb: shares transferred to Lavdrim Gjici in 2014; current ownership not checked.
Brother of Erion Veliaj (name not given in source) → Gogël sh.p.k.
owner (per Exit.al, citing Hashtag)
Evidence: Exit.al (7 May 2018): the full 200,000 euro was transferred to Gogël, 'owned by Veliaj's brother'.
owner on paper (PD claim)
Evidence: Balkanweb (16 Apr 2026) reports the PD statement that First sh.p.k. is owned 'at least in documents' by Gëzim Hoxha.
Koço Kokëdhima → Abissnet sh.a.
sole shareholder before MP election
Evidence: Constitutional Court decision 32/2016 held his MP position incompatible with his earlier role as sole shareholder of Abissnet sh.a. (court case text seen in search results).
Artan Gaçi → AG.TCC sh.p.k. (written AG.TCCSh.pk by Transparency International)
company attributed to Gaçi (Transparency and press)
Evidence: Transparency International reports that Gaçi's company received strategic-investor status in March 2021. The VKIS decision does not name owners.
Eptan Lohja → Zoom Events Sh.p.k. (also cited as Zoom Entertainment)
Director of Zoom Events (per register data cited by BIRN)
Evidence: Business-register records cited by BIRN list Eptan Lohja as director of Zoom Events, set up on 30 January 2013. Reporting also says he is TV Klan marketing manager.
Aleksander Frangaj → Media 6 / TV Klan
Frangaj family owns Media 6 / TV Klan (majority)
Evidence: Media Ownership Monitor Albania lists the Frangaj family as owners of the TV Klan company. Wikipedia gives a 60/40 split between Aleksander Frangaj and Alba Gina. The two sources' splits are not fully reconciled in the sources reviewed.
Kujtim Shtufi → Nova Construction 2012 sh.p.k
9% shareholder of Nova Construction 2012
Evidence: Shqiptarja and Citizens.al report 91 percent held by Ilir Shtufi and 9 percent by Kujtim Shtufi. Not checked against a QKB extract.
Ron Yeffet → Advanced Arms Technology
reported 80% via Uno 18
Evidence: Kapitali reports the company is 80% owned by Yeffet's company Uno 18 and 20% by KAYO.
Jared Kushner → Affinity Partners
owns Affinity Partners (lead Zvernec investor)
Evidence: Reports identify Affinity Partners as lead investor; no Israeli state link found.
Redi Molla → 5D Konstruksion sh.p.k
Suspected de facto owner (SPAK)
Evidence: Tirana Times (30 Apr 2024) reports SPAK suspects Molla and Qato were the owners of 5D.
Sazan Real Estate Development LLC (SRED) → Universal Properties Projects BV
SRED reportedly acquired UPP BV (6 May)
Evidence: Exit.al reports SRED acquired the Dutch shell UPP BV, parent of ZSAD, on 6 May. Citizens.al names Sazan Development Holding as the buyer of UPP shares (306k euro). Conflicting buyer; not reconciled.
Sazan Development Holding → Universal Properties Projects BV
UPP shares (306k euro) transferred to Sazan Development Holding (May 2026)
Evidence: Citizens.al (2026-06-08): 'the shares of Universal Properties Projects BV, the official owner of ZSAD, were transferred to Sazan Development Holding'. Transfer cost 306k euro. Registry extract not checked. Existing entry fin-zvernec-share-transfer-306k.
Global Travel Retails SA → Sazan Real Estate Development LLC (SRED)
Co-owner of SRED (as reported by Exit.al)
Evidence: Exit.al lists Global Travel Retails SA (Luxembourg, B287433) and Jamco Global LLC (Delaware, us_de/2778868) as co-owners of SRED; beneficial owners not identified in registries per Exit.al.
Redi Struga → Zvernec South Adriatic Development sh.p.k
Reported full owner of ZSAD through Smart Construction Invest (BIRN) - conflicts with Al-Khayyat ownership claim
Evidence: Reporter.al (2026-05-29): ZSAD is 'a company wholly owned by Redi Struga through Smart Construction Invest'. Citizens.al (2026-06-08) and Exit.al attribute control to Al-Khayyat-linked companies. Existing entries conn-zsad-struga-ownership and conn-struga-smart-construction in.
Belinda Balluku → Parliament rejects SPAK request to lift Balluku's immunity and authorise arrest
Immunity not lifted, 12 Mar 2026
Evidence: Parliament rejected SPAK's request, reported as 82 against and 47 for.
Belinda Balluku → Kuvendi i Republikës së Shqipërisë (Assembly of Albania)
Immunity lift rejected 82-47
Evidence: Citizens.al (fetched): 82 against, 47 for, 12 March 2026; no 84 threshold stated.
Kuvendi i Shqiperise (Parliament of Albania) → Belinda Balluku
Refused to lift immunity (82-47)
Evidence: Plenary vote 12 Mar 2026: 82 against, 47 for SPAK's request (Citizens.al).
Kuvendi i Shqiperise (Parliament of Albania) → Ilir Meta
Vote to dismiss President Meta (9 Jun 2021, reported 104-7-3; Constitutional Court later rejected)
Evidence: European Western Balkans, 9 Jun 2021 (vote counts from search summary, UNVERIFIED).
Conflict-of-interest objection to Balla as CEZ commission chair (c. 2017)
Evidence: Top Channel English report: Ristani asked Balla to step down as chair; Balla denied conflict. No formal ruling found.
Partia Socialiste e Shqipërisë (PS) → Tirana Outer Ring Road (Lot 4) procurement
PS majority rejects SPAK arrest request, 12 Mar 2026
Evidence: On 12 March 2026 the Assembly rejected SPAK's request to authorize arrest of Belinda Balluku: 47 for, 82 against; Balluku absent; majority argued the request had lost practical effect.
Partia Socialiste e Shqipërisë (PS) → Sali Berisha
Assembly lifts Berisha immunity, 21 Dec 2023, 75 votes
Evidence: Parliament lifted former PM Sali Berisha's immunity with 75 votes in favor; opposition boycotted, per IDEA tracker and JURIST.
Partia Socialiste e Shqipërisë (PS) → Edi Rama
Rama IV government wins confidence vote, 18 Sep 2025
Evidence: Assembly approved Rama's fourth government and programme on 18 Sep 2025; opposition objected to a video message by the AI 'minister' Diella and to the procedure.
Taulant Balla → Tirana Outer Ring Road (Lot 4) procurement
PS group spokesman on Balluku arrest request
Evidence: On 23 Feb 2026 Balla said the plenary, not the Mandates Council, grants authorisation.
Ulsi Manja → Tirana Outer Ring Road (Lot 4) procurement
Majority report recommending rejection
Evidence: Manja read the PS majority report of the Mandates Council on 12 Mar 2026 (Citizens.al, fetched).
PS group head on Tahiri immunity (2017)
Evidence: Balla said the PS would not vote against justice (Top Channel, 20 Oct 2017).
Socialist Party of Albania (PS) → Endri Shabani
PS (with PSD) votes Shabani in
Evidence: Reporting attributes the 85 votes to PS together with PSD; no party breakdown given.
Democratic Party of Albania (PD) → Endri Shabani
PD signed support, then withdrew
Evidence: Shqiptarja reports PD deputies signed for six candidates and later withdrew signatures; PD then challenged the vote at the Constitutional Court.
Socialist Party of Albania (PS) → Belinda Balluku
PS majority blocked arrest of PS MP Balluku
Evidence: Vote followed a PS group recommendation earlier that week; Ulsi Manja spoke for the majority.
Partia Socialiste e Shqipërisë (PS) → Partia Demokratike e Shqipërisë (PD)
Cross-party constitutional justice reform, 22 Jul 2016 (140 votes as reported)
Evidence: Top Channel (20 Jul 2016) and Shqiptarja (21 Jul 2016) report a consensus with PD and a 140-vote passage; per-party split not given.
Partia Socialiste e Shqipërisë (PS) → Partia Demokratike e Shqipërisë (PD)
Vetting law passed by PS majority alone; PD left the chamber (30 Aug 2016)
Evidence: Top Channel reports 88 for, 1 abstention, opposition walked out. The article does not name the parties behind the votes; the PS-only reading is the article's framing.
Partia Socialiste e Shqipërisë (PS) → Partia Demokratike e Shqipërisë (PD)
2020 constitutional amendment opening lists: 106 for; PD positions disputed in sources
Evidence: Shqiptarja (30 Jul 2020) gives 106 for, 10 against, 6 absent, without a party breakdown; the 5 June and 21 July 2020 agreements preceded it.
Partia Socialiste e Shqipërisë (PS) → Partia Demokratike e Shqipërisë (PD)
Joint vote: vetting deadlines extended to 31 Dec 2024, 118 for (10 Feb 2022)
Evidence: Top Channel and Shqiptarja both report 118 votes in favour, with PS and PD among the supporters; the PS/PD split differs between the two.
Partia Socialiste e Shqipërisë (PS) → Endri Shabani
PS (with PSD) elects Ombudsman with 85 votes after PD withdrew signatures
Evidence: Shqiptarja (12 Dec 2025): 85 votes; PD had signed for candidates then withdrew its signatures. Balkanweb reports the Constitutional Court rejected PD's challenge.
Partia Demokratike e Shqipërisë (PD) → Tirana Outer Ring Road (Lot 4) procurement
PD backed SPAK arrest request; PS majority rejected it, 47-82 (12 Mar 2026)
Evidence: Citizens.al reports 47 for, 82 against, PS voting against. PD's supporting report was reported by Shqiptarja. This is a PS-PD split, recorded for contrast.
Bashkim Ulaj → Thumanë–Kashar road concession (Gener 2 / G2 Infra)
concessionaire owner (per SPAK dossier, as reported)
Evidence: Gener 2 and G2 Infra signed the concession contract on 9 May 2022; Shqiptarja names Ulaj as owner.
Ilir Shtufi → Tirana Outer Ring Road (Lot 4) procurement
Lot 4 consortium member (Nova)
Evidence: Report TV dossier: Nova Construction 2012, Euroteorema Peqin and Pe-Vla-Ku won Lot 4 (about €20m); SPAK alleges steering by Balluku.
Ergys Agasi → AKSHI (National Agency for Information Society)
companies won AKSHI tenders (SPAK allegation)
Evidence: SPAK warrants (Dec 2025) allege procurement at AKSHI was manipulated to favour Agasi's companies (Wikipedia summary).
Intekar Yapi Turizm Elektrik ve Insaat Taahhut (Intekar Yapi) → Llogara Tunnel tender (SH8 Vlorë-Sarandë, Orikum-Himarë section)
Llogara tunnel contract (consortium member)
Evidence: Contract awarded to the Intekar Yapi / ASL consortium; construction started Nov 2021 (SeeNews headline).
Euroteorema Peqin → Tirana Outer Ring Road (Lot 4) procurement
Ring Road Lot 4 joint venture
Evidence: Euroteorema Peqin, PE-VLA-KU and NOVA Construction 2012 named as the joint venture that won Lot 4 (Balkanweb, SPAK file).
Investital LLC → Sterilization of medical equipment concession (health PPP)
Winning consortium, 10-year concession
Evidence: Exit.al reports a reported value of 9.7bn lek without VAT.
Bankers Petroleum Ltd → Patos-Marinza oil concession: Bankers Petroleum arbitration and cost recovery
Operator under 25-year concession
Evidence: Tirana Times: Bankers has operated Patos-Marinza under a 25-year concession since 2004.
Vetro Energy → Albpetrol sh.a.
2012 tender, annulled 2013
Evidence: Vetro won the Albpetrol privatisation tender; bid invalidated 8 February 2013 after the guarantee was not paid on time.
Dricons → Ministry of Health tender bribe: Dricons supervision contract (Joana Duro case)
Won health supervision tender in bribe case
Evidence: Dricons won the Lot 1 tender; SPAK says the bribe was to favour it.
Delta Pharma-AL SHPK → Delta Pharma and Ministry of Health medicine tenders (SPAK asset probe reported)
Medicine tender awards under review
Evidence: Delta Pharma reported among largest winners of Ministry medicine tenders (Report TV).
Ministry of Health (Albania) → KLSH referral of Health Ministry officials: laboratory PPP and respirator tender
Laboratory PPP concession (Sarande/Lushnje)
Evidence: KLSH-referred laboratory concession, EUR 104m over ten years (as reported).
Diaverum AB → Hemodialysis services re-tender 2026 (Shkodra, Lezha, Korça, Vlora, Elbasan): sole bidder, cancelled
Sole bidder, declared winner, tender later cancelled
Evidence: Albanian Daily News 25 Sep 2026.
Hemodialysis services re-tender 2026 (Shkodra, Lezha, Korça, Vlora, Elbasan): sole bidder, cancelled → Hemodialysis concession (health PPP) and cancelled tender
Successor tender for dialysis services
Evidence: covers the original concession; the 2026 tender covers five cities.
Ministry of Health (Albania) → Hemodialysis services re-tender 2026 (Shkodra, Lezha, Korça, Vlora, Elbasan): sole bidder, cancelled
Health authority behind the tender
Evidence: Tender run by the Operator of Integrated Health Services, per procurement reporting.
Inso & Consta → New hospital at the Mother Teresa University Hospital Centre, Tirana (construction)
Reported contractor for new hospital
Evidence: Tirana Times (undated).
Alko Impex General Construction → Ministry of Infrastructure and Energy (MIE), Albania
Won Lot 7 Outer Ring Road tender (SPAK allegation of favouritism)
Evidence: SPAK notice (Balkanweb, 9 Sep 2026): winning operator for Lot 7 is Alko-Impex with 2T sh.p.k.; SPAK says Balluku favoured it. Allegation.
Albanian Highway Concession shpk (Albanian Highway Concession LLC) → Rruga e Kombit (Milot-Morinë motorway): 2016 concession tender, Kastrati-linked consortium and toll compensation
Concession company for the Milot-Morinë concession
Evidence: Exit.al (2018) and kastrati.al both identify the company as the concession holder operating the Milot-Morinë highway.
Kastrati sh.a. (as named in 2016 tender documents; spelled 'Kastrati sa', 'Kastrati SHA') → Rruga e Kombit (Milot-Morinë motorway): 2016 concession tender, Kastrati-linked consortium and toll compensation
Member of Catalyst consortium (2016 tender)
Evidence: Balkanweb (2016) and Exit.al (2018) list 'Kastrati' sh.a. among the Catalyst consortium members; the link to Kastrati Group JSC is not established.
Catalyst Viva Das General Contracting LLC → Rruga e Kombit (Milot-Morinë motorway): 2016 concession tender, Kastrati-linked consortium and toll compensation
Lead member of winning consortium (per Exit.al)
Evidence: Exit.al (2018) names the Catalyst consortium as winner in September 2016; the contract notice names Catalyst Viva Das as contractor.
Salillari shpk (Salillari LTD) → Rruga e Kombit (Milot-Morinë motorway): 2016 concession tender, Kastrati-linked consortium and toll compensation
Consortium member; 2017 stake buyer (per Exit.al)
Evidence: Exit.al (2018) reports Salillari and Kastrati bought 60% in early 2017; Balkanweb (2016) lists Salillari LTD in the consortium.
Vendeka Consortium (Vendeka Bilgi Teknolojileri Ltd and partners) → Rruga e Kombit (Milot-Morinë motorway): 2016 concession tender, Kastrati-linked consortium and toll compensation
Preferred bidder 22 Jul 2016, later disqualified
Evidence: Balkanweb (2016) reports the ministry announcement; Exit.al reports the KPP later disqualified it.
DOLSAR Engineering → Rruga e Kombit (Milot-Morinë motorway): 2016 concession tender, Kastrati-linked consortium and toll compensation
Supervision consultant (5 years, from 2017)
Evidence: Exit.al (13 Jun 2017) reports the ministry's announcement of the consultancy winner.
Edmond Bego → OST sh.a. (Operatori i Sistemit të Transmetimit)
100 million lek OST tender, Librazhd (PD allegation)
Evidence: PD (Spaho, 22 Aug 2018) said the tender went to a Bego-linked company. Same allegation as fin-ost-tender-bego-100m-alleged in. No OST record found.
Sons of Valentina Leskaj (names not given in source) → Albrail sh.p.k.
sons' company claimed to hold rail concession (disputed)
Evidence: Tirana Times reports the claim; the company is not named in the fetched text and no Albrail ownership record was found. See the existing conn-leskaj-albrail-claimed in.