SPAK microcredit file: alleged abuse of office by Governor Sejko and Bank officials (complaint of 2022; SPAK proceeding No. 91/2024 as reported)
Status: Under SPAK investigation; not charged (as reported)
Summary
A complaint filed in 2022 by Tedi Malaveci of the private enforcement chamber accused Governor Gent Sejko of abuse of office, claiming he amended the Bank's regulation to favour microfinance companies. The Tirana prosecutor requested dismissal in January 2024. On 10 July 2024 GJKKO annulled the dismissal and sent the matter to SPAK. In February 2026 GJKKO, or the court acting on SPAK's behalf, returned the file to SPAK for further investigation. The reported scheme involves about 4,000 bad loans worth about EUR 7 million, with 27 people under investigation for fraud, not the Governor.
The file is the context the 2026 immunity law is linked to in news coverage. Standard.al (29 Oct 2026) says the law was passed urgently after SPAK's microcredit investigation and the seizure of phones and computers from Bank officials. No official text or statement links the law to this file.
The Governor has not been charged. The case is an allegation under investigation, not a finding.
Key facts
- 2022: complaint by Tedi Malaveci (Chamber of Private Enforcement Agents) for abuse of office (Shqiptarja, 10 Jul 2024).
- January 2024: Tirana prosecutor Ornela Rrumbullaku requested dismissal (Shqiptarja, 10 Jul 2024).
- Early 2024: a parallel SPAK referral against Sejko was reported (Shqiptarja, 10 Jul 2024).
- 4 May 2024: Tirana prosecutors asked SPAK to investigate the Governor (Top Channel headline).
- 10 July 2024: GJKKO (judge Flora Hajredinaj) declared the dismissal invalid and sent the case to SPAK (Shqiptarja).
- 27 Feb 2026: GJKKO / SPAK: microcredit file returned to SPAK for further investigation with a deadline; no trial on the merits; 27 people under investigation; about 4,000 bad loans, about EUR 7 million (5pyetjet.al).
- 29 Oct 2026: Standard.al names the proceeding as No. 91 of 2024 and says the law was passed after this investigation.
The record
Four lists kept apart on purpose: what is established, what is only alleged, what is still open, and what those concerned said.
What is proven (2)
Established by documents or official records, as stated in the research. A recorded charge or indictment proves only that the accusation was made.
- A complaint was filed and passed between prosecutors and GJKKO in 2024 (court decision reported).
- The file was returned to SPAK for further investigation in 2026 (5pyetjet.al, reported).
What is alleged (2)
Accusations, not findings. Those accused are presumed innocent.
- AllegationAbuse of office by the Governor and Bank officials.
- AllegationFraud, income concealment and money laundering in the microfinance companies (as referenced by Tirana prosecutors).
Allegations and who made them (2)
Each line is an allegation as recorded, with the person or body that made it where the record names them.
- AllegationThe Governor changed Bank regulation to favour microfinance companies (complainant's claim, Shqiptarja, 10 Jul 2024).
- AllegationSuspicion that Bank officials let the lending schemes run (reported).
Open questions (3)
- Does the 2026 immunity protect the Governor in this file? The law covers coercive measures for duty-linked offences, but its immunity part takes effect only after the Criminal Procedure Code is amended (Ekofin, Monitor).
- The reported 2026 SPAK file number (No. 91 of 2024) and the 27 Feb 2026 article's figures should be checked against the court record.
- Whether Derralla's title is Supervision Department director (Standard) or Deputy Governor (search summary).
Responses (2)
Responses of the people and organisations concerned, as recorded.
- Sejko told parliament on 18 July 2024 that he was available to justice and that the bad-loan measures followed an IMF recommendation (Shqiptarja headline).
- No Bank of Albania or Sejko statement on the 2026 law found.
Figures
Money trail →Theft from Bank of Albania by an employee, 2014 (background to Fullani arrest; not the microcredit case)
713,000,000 lek
lossSource label: VerifiedStated definition: Reported as 713 million lek (some reports say 710 million). The EUR value is not given because exchange rates for 2014 were not checked. This is not part of the 2026 microcredit file.
Date: 2014 · Payer: unknown · Payee: unknown (stolen by a Bank employee)
Microcredit scheme: about 4,000 bad loans taken in rollover schemes
€7,000,000
lossSource label: Under investigationStated definition: Approximate: 'afro 7 milionë euro' (5pyetjet.al, 27 Feb 2026). Not checked against the court record.
Date: 27 Feb 2026 · Payer: borrowers (microcredit companies' clients) · Payee: microcredit companies under investigation
Timeline
Full timeline →SPAK
Complaint against Governor Sejko filed with Tirana Prosecutor's Office (abuse of office, microcredit regulation change)
Filed by Tedi Malaveci, head of the Chamber of Private Enforcement Agents. The complainant alleges the Governor amended Bank regulation to favour microfinance companies. The exact filing date in 2022 is not given.
SPAK
Tirana prosecutors ask SPAK to investigate Governor Sejko over credit scheme
Headline: the Tirana Prosecutor's Office asked SPAK to investigate the Governor over a credit 'fraud' scheme; the Bank said it was ready to give clarifications. Body not read in full.
Court
GJKKO annuls dismissal of the Sejko complaint and sends the file to SPAK
GJKKO judge Flora Hajredinaj declared the prosecutor's dismissal invalid and ordered SPAK to continue the inquiry. The Governor was absent from hearings before the other judge (Migena Laska), per the same article.
Parliament
Sejko tells parliament he is available to justice; says IMF recommended the bad-loan approach
Headline: Sejko says he is at the disposal of justice and that the measures were an IMF recommendation. A search summary says he filed a complaint on 30 May 2024; not confirmed in the article body.
SPAK
Microcredit file returned to SPAK for further investigation; no trial on the merits
5pyetjet.al reports the file, with 27 people under investigation for fraud and about 4,000 bad loans worth about EUR 7 million, was sent back to SPAK for more investigation with a deadline. The Governor and Bank are not named in the article.
SPAK
Standard.al links the law to SPAK microcredit probe and device seizure; appeal hearing listed for 3 Nov
Standard.al says the law was passed after SPAK's investigation and the device seizure; names proceeding No. 91/2024; says SPAK's appeal to the High Court (case 61014-00839-00-2026) is listed for 3 Nov 2026. This is the only source found that ties the law to a named proceeding in the same article. Telegraf (headline) describes it as protection 'mes hetimeve të SPAK'.
Connections
Named in microcredit file
Evidence: The Governor is named in the 2022 complaint and the 2024 GJKKO decision sending the file to SPAK; the 2026 article does not name him.
Sources for this record
Every source the research cites for this record, grouped by its source label. 9 sources.
Source label: VerifiedVerified · 3 sources
- Publisher
- Shqiptarja
- Date
- 10 Jul 2024
- Publisher
- rferl.org
- Date
- not recorded
- Publisher
- Ministry of Finance / konsultimipublik.gov.al
- Date
- 15 Jul 2026
Source label: Officially reportedOfficially reported · 2 sources
- Publisher
- Shqiptarja
- Date
- 18 Jul 2024
- Publisher
- Monitor.al
- Date
- 29 Oct 2026
Source label: Under investigationUnder investigation · 4 sources
- Publisher
- 5pyetjet.al
- Date
- 27 Feb 2026
- Publisher
- Top Channel
- Date
- 4 May 2024
- Publisher
- Standard (Syri TV source)
- Date
- 29 Oct 2026
- Publisher
- Telegraf
- Date
- 30 Oct 2026